A city of the Achaemenid Empire located about 70 km northeast of Shiraz in southwestern Iran. Construction began in 518 BC under Darius I, and it replaced Pasargadae, where Cyrus II was buried, as the capital of the Achaemenid Empire. Since then, several kings have built new buildings, but because its location in a remote mountainous area was inconvenient for a palace, it was only used in the spring, and administration was carried out in Susa, Babylon, and Ecbatana. The Greeks did not know about Persepolis until the expedition of Alexander III (the Great). The ruins were excavated in earnest by E. Herzfeld of the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute from 1931 to 1934, and E. Schmidt from 1935 to 1939. The entire building was built on a large stone terrace, and it was of a grand scale, including a palace, an apadana (audience hall), a harem, a treasury, and a hall of a hundred columns. Egyptian, Babylonian, and Ionian architectural styles were also incorporated into the city, and it appears that it was of a size appropriate to being the capital of the Persian Empire. The palace was burned by Alexander III in 330 BC, but the city continued to prosper for some time afterwards. In 316 BC it became the provincial capital of the Macedonian Empire, but it declined during the Seleucid period and later fell into ruins. Remnants of the past, such as the large animal-head columns, the great staircase, and the wall reliefs, are well preserved, and the tombs of the Achaemenid kings are located in the rock caves of nearby Naqsh-e-Rostam. It was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1979. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イラン南西部シーラーズの北東約 70kmにあったアケメネス朝ペルシアの都市。前 518年ダレイオス1世が建設に着工し,キュロス2世が埋葬されているパサルガダエに代えて,アケメネス朝ペルシアの首都とした。以来数代にわたり国王によって造営されたが,場所が遠方の山岳地で宮廷としては不便なため,春季にのみ使用され,行政はスーサ,バビロン,エクバタナで行なわれていた。ギリシア人もアレクサンドロス3世 (大王)の遠征までペルセポリスは知らなかった。 1931~34年シカゴ大学オリエント研究所の E.ヘルツフェルト,1935~39年 E.シュミットによって遺跡の本格的な発掘が行なわれた。建物全体が石の大テラスの上に建設され,宮殿,アパダーナ (謁見の間) ,ハレム,宝庫,百柱殿など壮大な規模をもつ。エジプト,バビロニア,イオニアなどの建築様式も取り入れられ,ペルシア帝国の首都たるにふさわしい規模を有していたことがうかがわれる。前 330年アレクサンドロス3世によって宮殿は焼かれたが,町はその後もしばらく繁栄した。前 316年にはマケドニア帝国の州都となったが,セレウコス朝時代には衰退し,その後廃墟となった。獣頭の大円柱,大階段,壁面の浮彫など往時を偲ばせるものがよく保存され,近郊ナクシェ・ロスタムの岩窟にアケメネス朝歴代の王の墓がある。 1979年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。
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