Pelham, Henry

Japanese: ペラム（英語表記）Pelham， Henry

[Birth] 1696
[Died] March 6, 1754. London. British politician. Brother of the Duke of Newcastle. Member of the House of Commons in 1717, and thanks to his acquaintance with R. Walpole, he served as Lord Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1721, Secretary of State for War in 1724, and Inspector General of Military Pay in 1730. After Walpole's downfall, he became Prime Minister (1743-54), dismissed J. Carteret, the Secretary of State who had the full trust of King George II, and appointed Pitt the Elder, who was disliked by the King, as Inspector General of Military Pay, with the determination to not give up his position even if it meant resigning. With his appointment, the government was able to secure a majority in the House of Commons. He led the War of the Austrian Succession and the suppression of the rebellion in 1745, and worked hard to maintain peace after the war and improve the national finances (reducing the number of army and navy personnel, reducing aid to foreign monarchs, reducing land taxes, etc.). He maintained the Whig Party's government by skillfully manipulating parliament, but at the same time promoted political corruption such as buying seats.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1696
[没]1754.3.6. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。ニューカッスル (公)の弟。 1717年下院議員となり，R.ウォルポールの知遇を受け，21年大蔵総裁，24年陸軍長官，30年軍事支払総監を歴任。ウォルポールの没落後首相となり (1743～54) ，国王ジョージ2世の全面的信頼を受けていた国務相 J.カートレットを解任し，国王から嫌われていたピット (大)を総辞職も辞さないという決意のもとに軍事支払総監に登用，彼の登用により，政府は下院で多数派を確保することができた。オーストリア継承戦争，四十五年の反乱鎮圧を指導し，戦後の平和維持と国家財政の改善 (陸海軍の定員の削減，外国君主への援助金の削減，地租の低減など) に尽力。巧みな議会操縦によってホイッグ党の政権を維持したが，同時に議席買収などの政治腐敗を進ませた。

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