aḥdāth (English spelling) ahdath

Japanese: aḥdāth(英語表記)ahdath
aḥdāth (English spelling) ahdath

… [Ryosho Hayashi]
[Islamic World]
A group of chivalrous ruffians active in the cities of the Islamic world from the 9th century onwards. They are also called 'ayyār, fityan, shuttar or aḥdāth. In Iraq and Iran from the mid-Abbasid period onwards, groups of ayyar appeared among the urban populace, who joined the auxiliary forces of the caliph or attacked the houses of wealthy merchants and high-ranking officials. In the 10th century and the first half of the 11th century, when the power of the dynasty weakened, they established a certain degree of self-governing organisation, took charge of festivals and tried to defend their towns against outside forces.

*Some of the glossaries that mention "aḥdāth" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…【林 亮勝】
[イスラム世界]
 9世紀以後,イスラム世界の都市を中心にして活躍した任俠無頼の徒。アイヤール‘ayyār,フィトヤーン,シュッタール,あるいはアフダースaḥdāthともいう。アッバース朝中期以降のイラクやイランでは,都市の民衆の間からカリフの補助軍に加わったり,富裕な商人や高級官僚の館を襲ったりするアイヤールの集団が現れ,とくに王朝の権力が弱まった10世紀と11世紀の前半には,一定の自治組織を確立して祭礼をとりしきり,また外部勢力に対抗して街区の防衛に努めた。…

※「aḥdāth」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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