1845‐1929 Polish linguist. In Russia, he was known as Ivan Aleksandrovich B. de Kourtenay. He taught at various universities in Russia and Poland, and nurtured many outstanding linguists, including Kruszewski, Polivanov, and Shcherba. The Kazan School is particularly famous. He is now considered a pioneer of structural linguistics, alongside Saussure, because he was an early advocate of the need to distinguish between langue and parole, synchronic and diachronic, and sound and phoneme. In particular, he had a significant influence on the functionalism of the Prague linguistics group. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1845‐1929 ポーランドの言語学者。ロシアではIvan Aleksandrovich B.de Kourtenay。ロシアとポーランドの種々の大学で教鞭をとり,クルシェフスキ,ポリワノフ,シチェルバら多くのすぐれた言語学者を育てた。なかでも〈カザン学派〉は有名。ラングとパロール,共時態と通時態,音と音素それぞれの区別の必要を早くより説いていたため,現在ではソシュールと並ぶ,構造主義言語学の先駆者と称されている。ことにプラハ言語学集団の機能主義に対する影響は少なくない。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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