Welles, Orson

Japanese: ウェルズ（英語表記）Welles, Orson
Welles, Orson
Born May 6, 1915 in Kenosha, Wisconsin
[Died] October 10, 1985. Los Angeles, California. American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter. Full name George Orson Welles. At the age of 9, his mother, a pianist, died, and in 1930, his father, an inventor, died. In 1926, he entered the Todd School in Woodstock, Illinois. After graduating from the Todd School in 1931, he studied at the Art Institute of Chicago for a short time, and then auditioned for the Gate Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, where he made his stage debut at the age of 16. He later appeared at the Abbey Theatre. In 1934, he made his New York debut as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet, and in 1937, he formed the Mercury Theatre Company. In 1938, he directed the radio drama The War of the Worlds, based on the novel by H.G. Wells, for CBS, causing a great panic among listeners due to its realism. In 1939, he was invited to Hollywood as a film director, and in 1941, he directed his first film, Citizen Kane, which had a major impact on world cinema with its bold storytelling technique using many flashbacks, and its new one-shot-one-sequence direction using wide-angle shots and pan-focus photography. His subsequent works include The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), the film noir The Lady from Shanghai (1948), Macbeth (1948), Touch of Evil (1958), and Le Procès (1962). As an actor, he also appeared in many films other than his own, including The Third Man (1949).

Wells
Wells, Herbert George

Born: 21 September 1866, Bromley, Kent
[died] August 13, 1946, London. British novelist and critic. He started out as a clerk in a draper's shop, and studied under TH Huxley at the Normal School of Science in London. While working as a teacher, he made his literary debut with his futuristic novel The Time Machine (1895). He excelled in science fiction, such as The Invisible Man (97) and The War of the Worlds (98), but later turned to realism, portraying lower-middle-class life in a comedic way in Kipps (1905), and Tono-Bungay (09), which explored the breakdown of 19th-century British society. He was also known as a critic of civilization, including prophetic statements, and wrote historical works such as The Outline of History (20), and was a notable encyclopedic journalist. He was at one time a member of the Fabian Society and had a strong interest in the intersection of literature and society.

Wells
Wells, Horace

Born January 12, 1815 in Hartford, Vermont
[Died] January 24, 1848. New York. An American dentist and pioneer of anesthesia. He began practicing in Hartford, Connecticut in 1836, but noticed that British chemist H. Davy had reported the anesthetic properties of laughing gas (nitrous oxide) in 1799. In 1844, he first tried it on himself to extract a tooth without pain, and succeeded. After obtaining 15 clinical cases, Wells tried a public experiment at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston the following January, but it failed. In October 1846, after W. Morton succeeded in anesthesia experiments using ether at the same hospital, Wells, while investigating the properties of various anesthetics, eventually became addicted to it, became a psychopath, and died in a New York prison. However, his idea was later highly praised, and a monument was erected to commemorate him.

Wells
Welles, Sumner

Born: October 14, 1892, New York
Died September 25, 1961. American politician. Graduated from Harvard University. After serving mainly as a diplomat in Latin America, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of State in 1933 and Under Secretary of State in 1937. He played an important role in Latin American diplomacy from the 1930s through World War II, including attending the Conference of Foreign Ministers of the Americas.

Wells
Wells

A town in the Mendip region of the northeast of Somerset County, southwest of England, United Kingdom. A historic religious town about 30km south of Bristol, at the southwest foot of the Mendip Hills, famous for Wells Cathedral, built in the early English Gothic style in the 12th century. A distribution center for agricultural products, it also has small-scale printing, quarrying, and electrical machinery industries. Population: 10,406 (2001)

Wells
Welles, Gideon

Born July 1, 1802 in Glastenbury, Connecticut
[Died] February 11, 1878.
American journalist and politician. He contributed to the founding of the Republican Party over the issue of slavery. He served as Secretary of the Navy during the American Civil War (1861-69). His diary, "Diary of Gideon Welles," is an important record of the Civil War.

Wells
Wells, Charles Jeremiah

Born: Around 1800, London
[Died] February 17, 1879. English poet. His dramatic poem Joseph and His Brethren (1823) is known for its ornate prose.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1915.5.6. ウィスコンシン，ケノーシャ
[没]1985.10.10. カリフォルニア，ロサンゼルス
アメリカ合衆国の俳優，映画監督，制作者，脚本家。フルネーム George Orson Welles。9歳でピアニストの母を，1930年に発明家の父を亡くした。1926年イリノイ州ウッドストックにあるトッド・スクールに入学した。1931年にトッド・スクールを卒業，短期間シカゴ美術館で学んだのちアイルランドのダブリンにあるゲート劇場のオーディションに受かり，16歳で初舞台を踏んだ。その後アビー劇場にも出演した。1934年に『ロミオとジュリエット』Romeo and Julietのティボルト役でニューヨークデビューを果たし，1937年にマーキュリー劇団を結成。1938年に CBSで，ハーバート・ジョージ・ウェルズ原作のラジオドラマ『宇宙戦争』The War of the Worldsを演出，その迫真性によって聴取者を大パニックに陥らせた。1939年映画監督としてハリウッドに招かれ，1941年に初監督作品『市民ケーン』Citizen Kaneを発表，フラッシュバックの多用による大胆な物語構成法や，広角ショットとパンフォーカス撮影による 1ショット＝1シークエンスの新演出は世界の映画に大きな影響を与えた。その後のおもな作品に『偉大なるアンバーソン家の人々』The Magnificent Ambersons（1942），フィルム・ノアールの『上海から来た女』The Lady from Shanghai（1948），『マクベス』Macbeth（1948），『黒い罠』Touch of Evil（1958），『審判』Le Procès（1962）などがある。俳優としては，『第三の男』The Third Man（1949）など自作以外の映画にも多数出演した。

ウェルズ
Wells， Herbert George

[生]1866.9.21. ケント，ブロムリー
[没]1946.8.13. ロンドン
イギリスの小説家，評論家。服地屋の店員から身を起し，ロンドンの理科師範学校で T. H.ハクスリーの教えを受けた。教師として身を立てるうち，未来小説『タイム・マシン』 The Time Machine (1895) で文壇に登場。『透明人間』 The Invisible Man (97) ，『宇宙戦争』 The War of the Worlds (98) などの SFを得意としたが，のちに写実主義に向い，『キップス』 Kipps (1905) で下層中流階級の生活を喜劇的に描き，『トーノ・バンゲー』 Tono-Bungay (09) では 19世紀イギリス社会崩壊の諸相を題材とした。予言者的言説を含む文明批評家としても知られ，『世界史大系』 The Outline of History (20) その他の歴史的著述もあり，百科全書的ジャーナリストとしてめざましい活躍をした。一時フェビアン協会の会員であったこともあり，文学と社会の接触に強い関心をもっていた。

ウェルズ
Wells， Horace

[生]1815.1.12. バーモント，ハートフォード
[没]1848.1.24. ニューヨーク
アメリカの歯科医で，麻酔の先覚者。 1836年コネティカット州ハートフォードで開業していたが，イギリスの化学者 H.デービーが 1799年に笑気 N2O (亜酸化窒素) の麻酔性を報告しているのに注目し，1844年まず自分の無痛抜歯に試用して成功，15例の臨床例を得て翌年1月，ボストンのマサチューセッツ総合病院で公開実験をしたが失敗した。 46年 10月，W.モートンが同病院でエーテルを使った麻酔実験に成功したのち，ウェルズは各種の麻酔薬の特性を調べているうち，ついにその中毒症となり，性格破綻者となってニューヨークで獄中死した。しかし，彼の着想はのちに高く評価され，記念碑が建てられた。

ウェルズ
Welles， Sumner

[生]1892.10.14. ニューヨーク
[没]1961.9.25. ワシントン
アメリカの政治家。ハーバード大学卒業。おもにラテンアメリカ諸国の外交官をつとめたのち，1933年国務次官補，37年国務次官に任命され，米州諸国外相会議に出席するなど，1930年代から第2次世界大戦期にかけての対中南米外交に重要な役割を演じた。

ウェルズ
Wells

イギリス，イングランド南西部，サマセット県北東部，メンディップ地区の町。ブリストルの南約 30km，メンディップ丘陵南西麓にある歴史的な宗教都市で，12世紀創建の初期イギリス・ゴシック様式のウェルズ大聖堂で有名。農産物の集散地で，小規模ながら，印刷業，採石業，電気機械工業も行なわれる。人口 1万406（2001）

ウェルズ
Welles， Gideon

[生]1802.7.1. コネティカット，グラステンベリー
[没]1878.2.11.
アメリカのジャーナリスト，政治家。奴隷問題をめぐり共和党創設に貢献。南北戦争中は海軍長官 (1861～69) 。彼の日記，"Diary of Gideon Welles"は南北戦争の重要な記録。

ウェルズ
Wells， Charles Jeremiah

[生]1800頃.ロンドン
[没]1879.2.17. マルセイユ
イギリスの詩人。劇詩『ヨゼフとその兄弟』 Joseph and His Brethren (1823) は，その華麗な文体で知られている。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について　情報

<<:  Wales - Wales (English spelling)

>>:  Verus, Lucius Aurelius

Recommend

Aachen Conference - Aachen Conference

…However, the following year, almost all European...

Pista cristata (English spelling)

… The Loimia medusa is called Dobemushi in Fukuok...

Tradescantia fluminensis (English spelling)

… [Takabayashi Masatoshi]. … *Some of the termino...

Keizo Uenaka

1876-1960 A chemist from the Meiji to Showa era. ...

Polovtsians (English spelling)

The Russian name for the Turkic Kipchak people. In...

Sandmeyer, T.

...A reaction in which aromatic diazonium salts a...

Soong, TV (English)

…Born in Shanghai. Also known as TV Soong. The yo...

Uppuri Nori - Uppuri Nori

...The size varies depending on the species, but ...

Catechol

Pyrocatechol, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene. C 6 H 6 O 2 (...

Homologous series - dodokuretsu (English spelling)

A group of organic compounds that have the same s...

Camp David Talks

… [Cold War Shift] However, the atmosphere for di...

Martin, AJP (English spelling) MartinAJP

…Around 1906, Russian botanist Mikhail Semyonovic...

Thread making - ITOZUKURI

A way of cutting sashimi. Cutting the flesh of squ...

Natural History - Historia naturalis

Encyclopedia by the Roman scholar Pliny. 37 volume...

Living things -

It refers to something that has attributes that d...