Meitoku Rebellion

In 1391 (Genchu ​​8, Meitoku 2), Yamana Ujikiyo, Mitsuyuki and others launched a rebellion against the Muromachi shogunate. During the Nanboku-cho period, the Yamana clan held the position of shugo in 11 provinces as a family and wielded so much power that they were called Rokubun no Ichidono (six-tenths of a single lord). Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was wary of their strength and wanted to take the opportunity to reduce their influence. After the death of Yamana Tokiuji in 1371 (Kentoku 2, Oan 4), Yoshimitsu saw signs of a split in the clan and ordered Ujikiyo (Tokiuji's son) and Mitsuyuki (the son of Ujikiyo's younger brother Moroyoshi) to hunt down and kill Tokihiro and Ujiyuki (both sons of Ujikiyo's younger brother Tokiyoshi) on the grounds that they were in Tajima and had not obeyed the Shogunate's orders. However, Tokihiro and others ingratiated themselves with Yoshimitsu and slandered Ujikiyo and others, and Yoshimitsu tried to use this to suppress Ujikiyo and others, so Mitsuyuki persuaded Ujikiyo, and Ujikiyo, in turn, invited his older brother Yoshimasa to rebel against the Shogunate and advanced to Kyoto. Yoshimitsu responded by ordering powerful feudal lords such as Ouchi, Hatakeyama, and Hosokawa to pursue and kill them, and in 1591, they defeated Ujikiyo's army in the Battle of Kyoto Uchino (an area northwest of Kyoto's Nijo Castle, spanning Kamigyo and Nakagyo districts). Ujikiyo was killed in battle, and Mitsuyuki fled to Izumo, but was killed in 1594 (Oei 1), and Yoshimitsu also went missing after his defeat. As a result, Tokihiro was given the title of governor of Tajima, and Ujiyuki was given the title of governor of Hoki, while the remaining former territories of the Yamana clan were distributed to the Hatakeyama, Ouchi, Isshiki, and Akamatsu clans that had been instrumental in putting down the rebellion, and the power of the Yamana clan was reduced in one fell swoop.

[Eiji Nitta]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1391年（元中8・明徳2）に山名氏清(やまなうじきよ)・満幸(みつゆき)らが室町幕府に対して起こした反乱。山名氏は南北朝時代、一族で11か国の守護職を保持して勢力を振るい、六分一殿(ろくぶんのいちどの)とよばれたほどであったので、将軍足利義満(あしかがよしみつ)はその強勢を警戒し、機をみてその勢力を削減したいと考えていた。1371年（建徳2・応安4）山名時氏(ときうじ)の死後、一族分裂の兆しをみた義満は、氏清（時氏の子）・満幸（氏清の弟師義(もろよし)の子）に命じて、一族の時煕(ときひろ)・氏幸(うじゆき)（ともに氏清の弟時義(ときよし)の子）が但馬(たじま)にあって幕命を奉じないのを理由に、これを追討させた。しかし、時煕らは義満に取り入って氏清らを讒言(ざんげん)し、義満がこれを用いて氏清らを抑えようとしたので、満幸は氏清を説き、氏清も兄義理(よしまさ)を誘って幕府に反旗を翻し、京都に進出した。義満はこれに対し、大内(おおうち)・畠山(はたけやま)・細川(ほそかわ)ら有力大名に追討を命じ、91年京都内野(うちの)（京都・二条城の北西、上京(かみぎょう)区と中京(なかぎょう)区にまたがる地域）の戦いで氏清らの軍を破った。この敗戦で氏清は戦死し、満幸は出雲(いずも)に逃れたが、94年（応永1）に討たれ、義理も敗走後行方不明になった。この結果、時煕に但馬、氏幸に伯耆(ほうき)の守護職が与えられただけで、残りの山名氏の旧領は、反乱鎮定に功のあった畠山・大内・一色(いっしき)・赤松諸氏に分与され、山名氏の勢力は一挙に削減された。

［新田英治］

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