A five-act comedy by the English playwright Shakespeare, written around 1597. It is based on an Italian tale and combines the story of the pawnbroker and the story of the box-chooser. Antonio, a merchant of Venice, is asked by his best friend Bassanio to raise travel expenses to propose to Princess Portia, who lives in Belmont. He borrows money from the Jewish moneylender Shylock using his ship as collateral, and gives him a document to offer a pound of his own flesh if he cannot repay the loan. Portia shows the suitors three boxes of gold, silver, and lead, and asks them to choose the one with her portrait inside. Bassanio takes the lead box and succeeds in proposing to her. However, Antonio's ship does not return to port, and he is nearly killed. However, Portia, disguised as a man, becomes a judge at the Venetian court and declares that he will give him meat but not blood, so Shylock loses the case, his property is confiscated, and he is ordered to convert to Christianity. Eventually Antonio's ship returns to port, and Shylock's innocent daughter Jessica also marries her lover Lorenzo. It is a comedy with a romantic plot and many sweet scenes, but it also has as its background the hatred of financiers and anti-Semitism that Londoners had at the time. However, Shakespeare may have conceived Shylock as a typical red-nosed Jew, that is, as a character to be hated, but because he wrote him deeply as a human being, he became a real character and took on a tragic quality. Since the 19th century, it has been common for plays to be performed in this way on stage. [Jiro Ozu] "The Merchant of Venice" (translated by Yoshio Nakano, Iwanami Bunko/translated by Tsuneari Fukuda, Shincho Bunko) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの劇作家シェークスピアの五幕喜劇。1597年ごろの作。イタリアの物語から取材したもので、人肉質入れ物語と箱選びの物語を組み合わせている。 ベニスの商人アントニオは、親友バサーニオからベルモントに住むポーシャ姫に求婚するための旅費の調達を依頼され、持ち船を担保にユダヤ人の高利貸シャイロックから借金し、返済不能の場合は自分の肉1ポンドを提供する証文を与える。ポーシャは求婚者たちに金、銀、鉛の三つの箱を示し、自分の肖像の入ったものを選ばせるが、バサーニオは鉛の箱をとって求婚に成功する。しかしアントニオは船が帰港しないので生命を奪われかけるが、男装したポーシャがベニス法廷の裁判官となり、肉は与えるが血を流してはならぬと宣言するので、シャイロックは敗訴となり、財産を没収され、キリスト教への改宗を命じられる。やがてアントニオの船は帰港し、シャイロックの純真な娘ジェシカも恋人ロレンゾと結婚する。 ロマンチックな筋立てをもち、甘美な場面に富んだ喜劇であるが、当時のロンドン市民がもっていた金融業者に対する憎悪や反ユダヤ感情も背景をなしている。しかし作品の構想としては、シェークスピアはシャイロックを赤鼻の典型的なユダヤ人、すなわち憎まれ役として設定したのであろうが、人間として深く書き込んだがゆえに実在感の大きな人物となり、悲劇性を帯びるに至った。舞台でも19世紀以後はそのように上演されるのが通常である。 [小津次郎] 『『ヴェニスの商人』(中野好夫訳・岩波文庫/福田恆存訳・新潮文庫)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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