Investigative method in which a person is arrested for a separate case that is available for arrest, and then interrogated for the main case, because there are no requirements for arrest for the case to be investigated. The Constitution and the Code of Criminal Procedure require a warrant issued by a court as a general rule for arrests, and require a prior review of whether there is reason for arrest for the case in question (warrant system, Article 33 of the Constitution, Article 199 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). However, an arrest for a separate case is formally an arrest for a separate case, and appears to have a warrant, but in reality it is an arrest for the main case, and is clearly unconstitutional and illegal based on the standard of the main case. In addition, arrests for the main case are usually made after arrests and detention for a separate case. In this case, it is possible to hold the person in custody for twice the legal period of arrest and detention for the main case, which is also illegal. In addition, arrests for a separate case are an investigative method aimed at pursuing a confession, and are used for purposes other than the original purpose of arrest, which is to prevent escape and destruction of evidence, and are against the spirit of the law. However, opinions are divided on how to distinguish this from investigations into other crimes, which are generally considered to be lawful, and the precise requirements for what constitutes illegal vary from commentator to commentator, but the most common definition is "when a minor unrelated case is used solely for the purpose of using it in the interrogation of a serious case." [Oide Yoshitomo] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
取り調べたい事件(本件)について逮捕の要件が存在しないため、逮捕可能な別件について逮捕して本件の取調べをする捜査方法。憲法と刑事訴訟法は、逮捕にあたって原則として裁判所の発する令状を要求し、当該事件について逮捕の理由があるか否かの事前審査を要求している(令状主義、憲法33条、刑事訴訟法199条)。ところが別件逮捕は、形式的には別件による逮捕であり、令状を具備しているようにみえるが、実質は本件による逮捕であり、本件を基準にすれば明らかに違憲・違法である。それに、通例、別件による逮捕・勾留(こうりゅう)のあとに、本件による逮捕が行われる。そうすると、実質的に本件について逮捕・勾留の法定期間の2倍の期間身柄を拘束することが可能となり、この点でも違法である。それに、別件逮捕は、自白追及を目的とした捜査方法であり、逃亡や罪証隠滅の防止といった逮捕の本来の目的以外での利用であり、法の精神に反する。しかし、慣行として適法視されている余罪捜査との区別をどうするかで見解が分かれ、違法とする場合の細かい要件設定は論者によって異なるが、「専(もっぱ)ら重大な本件の取調べに利用する目的で軽微な別件を利用した場合」といった設定が一般化している。 [大出良知] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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