University of Vienna

Japanese: ウィーン大学 - うぃーんだいがく(英語表記)Universität Wien
University of Vienna

Vienna is a comprehensive university located in the capital of Austria. It was founded in 1365 by Rudolf IV (1339-65) and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. In 1384, the Faculty of Theology was added to the original three faculties (Law, Medicine, and Literature). It was modeled after the University of Paris and developed into a typical medieval university. It declined for a time during the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, but in the mid-18th century, Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa's educational reforms restored its position as one of Europe's leading academic institutions. In the second half of the 19th century, it became the center of the Austrian school of economics, and the subsequent Vienna school gained fame especially in the fields of medicine, law, and history. The University Organization Act of 1975 aimed to democratize management and contribute to society, but it still maintains its traditional stance to this day. As of 1999, the university consists of nine faculties (Catholic Theology, Protestant Theology, Law, Economics and Information Sciences, Medicine, Human and Social Sciences, Humanities and Cultural Studies, Natural Sciences, and Mathematics) with approximately 3,400 faculty members and 87,000 students.

[Toru Magose]

[References] | Austrian School

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

オーストリアの首都ウィーンにある総合大学。1365年ルドルフ4世Rudolf Ⅳ(1339―65)により創設され、ドイツ語圏最古の大学である。設立当初の3学部(法学、医学、文学)に、1384年神学部が加えられた。パリ大学をモデルに整備されたため、典型的な中世大学として発展した。16世紀の宗教改革期に一時衰えたが、18世紀なかばには神聖ローマ女帝マリア・テレジアの教育改革により、ふたたびヨーロッパ有数の学術機関としての地位を確立した。19世紀後半には経済学におけるオーストリア学派の中心となり、続くウィーン学派はとくに医学、法学、歴史学などの分野で名声を博した。1975年の大学組織法により、運営の民主化、社会的貢献などが図られたが、伝統的な姿勢を現在もなお崩していない。1999年現在、9学部(カトリック神学、プロテスタント神学、法律学、経済・情報科学、医学、人間・社会科学、人文・文化学、自然科学、数学)からなり、教員数約3400人、学生数8万7000人となっている。

[馬越 徹]

[参照項目] | オーストリア学派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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