pacemaker

Japanese: ペースメーカー
pacemaker

A pacemaker consists of a main body that consists of a battery, a heart rate sensor, and an electrical stimulation generator, and an electrical wire (lead) that connects the main body to the heart. By stimulating the heart only when bradycardia occurs, the pacemaker optimizes the heart rate and prevents the onset of symptoms caused by severe bradycardia.

Adaptation (selection)

When determining medical indications for pacemaker implantation, the severity of symptoms and their causal relationship to bradycardia are taken into consideration.

Regarding the indications for implantation, we will quote the Class I guidelines established by the Japanese Circulation Society in 2001, which state that "there is evidence that it is beneficial and it is generally agreed upon."

Sinus dysfunction ( How unexpected ) syndrome‥ Cerebral ischemia ( Travel ) If you have symptoms of heart failure and it has been confirmed that these are due to decreased sinus function, etc.

Chamber ( Hat ) block‥ Bradycardia ( Jomyaku ) Symptomatic second- and third-degree atrioventricular block due to

In addition, bradycardia Atrial fibrillation ( Patience test ) , bi- and tri-branchial block, hypersensitivity Carotid sinus ( The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ) Pacemaker implantation may also be indicated for patients with syncope syndrome or neuromediated syncope.

kinds

There are different types of pacemakers depending on where in the heart is stimulated, that is, where in the heart the pacing lead is placed (right atrium, right ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle, or coronary sinus).

There are also types that set a fixed minimum heart rate at which the pacemaker begins to stimulate, such as 60 beats per minute, and rate-responsive types that sense human activity and automatically increase the stimulated heart rate setting in response to bodily movement.

method

In an operating room (or cardiac catheterization laboratory) equipped with an x-ray machine, a lead is inserted into a vein below the collarbone, the tip is fixed to the wall of the right atrium or right ventricle, and the other end of the lead is connected to a body that is placed in a pocket created under the skin of the chest wall.

After implantation

After implantation, patients will visit the outpatient clinic every 6 to 12 months to check whether the pacemaker is functioning properly, whether the battery is still charged, etc. If the battery is nearing the end of its life, the patient will be hospitalized and only the pacemaker itself will be replaced.

Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

 ペースメーカーは、電池・心拍の感知部品・電気刺激生成部品からなる本体と、心臓と本体を結びつける電線部分(リード)とから構成されます。徐脈が現れた時のみ心臓を刺激することによって心拍数を適正化し、高度徐脈による症状の出現を予防します。

適応(選択)

 ペースメーカー植え込みの医学的適応決定に際しては、症状の強さおよび徐脈との因果関係を考慮します。

 植え込みの適応については、2001年に日本循環器学会が作成したガイドラインのクラスⅠ‥「有益であるという根拠があり、一般に同意されている」を、引用します。

洞不全(どうふぜん)症候群‥脳虚血(のうきょけつ)や心不全症状があり、それが洞機能低下などによることが確認された場合

房室(ぼうしつ)ブロック‥徐脈(じょみゃく)による明らかな症状を来す第Ⅱ度、第Ⅲ度房室ブロック

 このほかに、徐脈性心房細動(しんぼうさいどう)、2枝および3枝ブロック、過敏性頸動脈洞(けいどうみゃくどう)症候群・神経調節性失神に対してもペースメーカー植え込みの適応となる場合があります。

種類

 心臓のどこを刺激するかによって、すなわちペーシング用リードを心臓のどこに入れるか(右心房、右心室、右心房と右心室、冠静脈洞)によってペースメーカーの種類が異なります。

 また、ペースメーカーからの刺激が出始める設定最低心拍数を60/分などに固定するタイプや、人の活動を感知して、体の動きに応じて刺激心拍設定数が自動的に上昇するようなレート応答型のタイプもあります。

方法

 X線装置が備わった手術室(あるいは心臓カテーテル検査室)において、鎖骨の下方にある静脈にリードを挿入します。先端部を右心房や右心室の壁に留置固定し、リードの他の端を本体に接続し、本体を胸壁の皮下に作成したポケット部に収めて終了です。

植え込み後

 植え込んだ後は、6~12カ月の間隔で外来でペースメーカーの機能に不調がないか、電池の残量は十分かなどについてチェックします。電池の寿命が尽きかけたら入院のうえ、ペースメーカー本体のみ交換を行います。

出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報

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