[What kind of disease is it?] When we are born, the glans head, the tip of the penis, is covered by the foreskin and is not exposed. It is not uncommon for the foreskin and the glans head mucous membrane to adhere together. Usually, the glans head is always exposed after puberty. When the glans is covered by the foreskin it is called phimosis. The outer layer of the foreskin, in its natural, normal state, has a folded part at the tip called the foreskin ring or foreskin opening, and is divided into the outer plate and the inner plate at this point. The inner plate is the part that comes into contact with the glans. Even in the case of phimosis, if you move the foreskin towards the base of the penis, it will gradually turn back to reveal the glans, and the inner plate that was in contact with the glans will also turn back, and it will turn outward, continuing with the outer plate. Phimosis that can be turned back like this is called pseudo-phimosis. When a penis with pseudo-phimosis is erected with the foreskin turned back, the narrow foreskin ring presses against the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, making it difficult for blood to flow, causing the glans to swell reddish purple, and the foreskin beyond the pressed area also swells severely, sometimes causing severe pain. This is called paraphimosis. Even in cases of pseudo-phimosis (non-erect phimosis), if the foreskin ring is not wide enough and the part of the foreskin ring that moves from the tip of the glans to the base of the penis after reflexion tightly grips the penis, there is a risk of developing into paraphimosis. When the foreskin ring is too narrow to retract the foreskin, it is called true phimosis. If true phimosis is forcibly retracted and left untreated, it will become paraphimosis. [Cause] Phimosis in infancy is not a disease. It is considered a disease when the glans does not become exposed naturally as the child grows. Phimosis is basically considered to be a congenital disease, but in true phimosis, the foreskin ring becomes narrow due to fibrosis, and it can be difficult to distinguish whether it is congenital or acquired. [Testing and diagnosis] It can be diagnosed by visual and palpation. In children with true phimosis, if the foreskin swells like a ball when urinating, the foreskin ring is extremely narrow, and it is considered a sign that early surgery is recommended. In addition, the foreskin and glans may become adhered together due to conditions such as balanoposthitis ("balanoposthitis"). [Treatment] True phimosis requires surgery. In children, the foreskin gradually shrinks as the child grows, and the child may be able to retract the foreskin and improve naturally, so the condition is monitored until the child is about 3 years old. Surgery is performed for cases of pseudo-phimosis if there is a risk of paraphimosis or if balanoposthitis is a recurrent condition. In the case of paraphimosis, we first attempt to return the penis to its original state by hand (manual reduction), and if this is not possible, we do not hesitate to perform surgery. In cases of pseudo-phimosis, surgery may be performed if the foreskin is too long and interferes with sexual intercourse, even if the foreskin can be retracted, or if it causes feelings of sexual inferiority. The most common surgeries are posterior foreskin incision and circumcision. Posterior foreskin incision is mainly performed on young children. Local anesthesia is sufficient, but general anesthesia is used for children. [Precautions in daily life] In cases of pseudo-phimosis, which may lead to paraphimosis, the patient should refrain from having an erection with the foreskin retracted, and should be examined by a specialist (urologist) to determine whether surgery is necessary. It has also been found that leaving phimosis unretracted increases the risk of developing penile cancer in the future. For true phimosis, surgery should be undertaken as early as possible, from around the age of 3 onwards. In advanced cases of phimosis where urination is impossible without straining, various symptoms of urinary tract obstruction disease appear, progressing to bladder dilation, trabeculation, and hydronephrosis ("hydronephrosis"), and even renal failure ("renal failure"). [prevention] There is no surefire way to prevent this, but if you have phimosis, you should occasionally pull back the foreskin when bathing and wash it thoroughly with lukewarm water to prevent balanoposthitis or penile cancer. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
[どんな病気か] 陰茎(いんけい)先端の亀頭(きとう)は、生まれたときには、包皮(ほうひ)におおわれていて露出していません。また、包皮と亀頭の粘膜(ねんまく)が癒着(ゆちゃく)していることも珍しくありません。ふつう、亀頭がつねに露出するようになるのは、思春期を過ぎてからです。 亀頭が包皮におおわれている状態を包茎といいます。 包皮の表層は、自然なふつうの状態では、先端に包皮輪(ほうひりん)とか包皮口(ほうひこう)と呼ばれる折り返しの部分があり、ここを境にして、外板(がいばん)と内板(ないばん)という部分に分けられます。内板は、亀頭に接している部分です。 包茎でも、包皮を陰茎の根もとのほうに寄せていくと、包皮はしだいにめくれて亀頭が現われ、亀頭に接していた内板も翻転(ほんてん)され、外板に続く状態で外向きになります。このように翻転できる包茎を、仮性包茎(かせいほうけい)といいます。 仮性包茎である陰茎を、包皮が翻転した状態で勃起(ぼっき)させると、血管やリンパ管が狭い包皮輪の部分によってしめつけられ、血液などが流れにくくなり、亀頭は赤紫色に腫(は)れ、しめつけられているところから先の包皮もひどくむくんで、激しい痛みをともなうことがあります。これを嵌頓包茎(かんとんほうけい)といいます。 勃起していない仮性包茎でも、包皮輪が十分に広くなく、翻転後に亀頭先端から陰茎の根もとのほうに移動した包皮輪の部分が陰茎を強くしめつける場合は、嵌頓包茎の状態になる危険があります。 包皮輪が狭くて包皮の翻転ができない状態は真性包茎(しんせいほうけい)といいます。真性包茎をむりに翻転して放置すれば、嵌頓包茎になります。 [原因] 乳幼児期の包茎は、病気ではありません。成長とともに自然に亀頭が露出するようにならない場合に、病気とみなされます。 包茎は、基本的には先天的な病気と考えられますが、真性包茎は包皮輪が線維化して狭くなっているもので、先天的か後天的か区別できないことがあります。 [検査と診断] 視診と触診で診断できます。小児の真性包茎で、排尿時に包皮の部分が球状に膨らむ場合には、包皮輪がきわめて狭いので、早期に手術をしたほうがよい兆候と考えられます。 また、亀頭包皮炎(「亀頭包皮炎」)などによって包皮と亀頭部が癒着していることもあります。 [治療] 真性包茎は手術を行ないます。幼小児期の場合は、成長にともなってしだいに包皮が退縮し、包皮を翻転できるようになって自然によくなることがありますので、3歳ころまで経過をみます。 仮性包茎は、嵌頓包茎のおそれがあったり、亀頭包皮炎をくり返す場合には手術を行ないます。 嵌頓包茎は、まず手でもとの状態になるように試み(用手的整復)、それがむりなら、ためらわずに手術を行ないます。 なお、仮性包茎の場合は、翻転できても余分な包皮が長くて性交に支障をきたす場合や、性的劣等感の原因となっている場合には、手術を行なうこともあります。 手術は、包皮の背面切開術と環状切除術が代表的なものです。背面切開術は、おもに幼小児に行なわれています。局所麻酔でよいのですが、小児の場合は全身麻酔が行なわれます。 [日常生活の注意] 嵌頓包茎になるおそれのある仮性包茎では、包皮を翻転した状態での勃起をひかえ、手術が必要かどうか専門医(泌尿器科医(ひにょうきかい))の診察を受けるようにします。また、包茎を翻転しない状態で放置すると、将来、陰茎がん(「陰茎がん」)にかかりやすくなることがわかっています。真性包茎は3歳ごろ以降、早めに手術を受けさせるようにするとよいでしょう。 いきまないと尿が出ないほどの高度な真性包茎では、尿路閉塞(にょうろへいそく)性疾患としてのさまざまな症状が現われ、膀胱拡張(ぼうこうかくちょう)・肉柱形成(にくちゅうけいせい)、水腎症(すいじんしょう)(「水腎症」)へと進み、腎不全(じんふぜん)(「腎不全」)になることさえあります。 [予防] 確実な予防法はありませんが、仮性包茎では、入浴時などにときどき包皮を翻転して、ぬるま湯でよく洗い、亀頭包皮炎や陰茎がんにならないように心がけましょう。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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