Heike noukyou - Heike noukyou

A decorated sutra from the late Heian period. National treasure. It is housed at Itsukushima Shrine in Hiroshima. This scroll was donated to Itsukushima Shrine by Taira no Kiyomori in September 1164 (Chokan 2) to pray for the prosperity of the Taira clan. It is a set of 33 volumes, including the opening sutra (Muryogikyo) and closing sutra (Kanpofugenkyo) to the 28 chapters of the Lotus Sutra, plus the Heart Sutra, Amitabha Sutra, and Prayer Sutra (one volume each). This is based on the idea of ​​the 33 manifestations of the Eleven-Headed Kannon, the original Buddha of Itsukushima Shrine, who changes into 33 forms to save all living beings. These relics are part of the so-called "Ippon Kyokuyo" (offerings of a single sutra) that became popular among aristocratic society from the mid-Heian period. Based on Kiyomori's handwritten prayer, it is known that 32 members of his clan, including Shigemori, Yorimori, and Tsunemori, each contributed one volume to the copying of the sutra, making it the most beautiful and beautiful work of art. Each person was responsible for writing one or several volumes, and some of the copies contain excellent handwriting. Furthermore, the covers, endpapers, paper, binding hardware, strings, scrolls, and other parts of each volume are all gorgeously decorated using the finest techniques in painting, calligraphy, and crafts of the time, reflecting in every detail the glory of the Taira clan. In addition, the copper sutra box with gold and silver cloud dragon pattern that contains these items, and the ivy lacquer-decorated Chinese chest that contains the sutra box, are all designated as National Treasures.

[Mitsuharu Kanzaki]

"Research on the Heike Sutra by Shigemi Komatsu (1976, Kodansha)" ▽ "The World of the Heike Sutra - Solving the Mysteries of National Treasures by Shigemi Komatsu (1976, Rokuko Publishing)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安後期の装飾経。国宝。広島・厳島(いつくしま)神社蔵。平清盛(きよもり)が平家一門の繁栄を祈願して1164年（長寛2）9月、厳島神社に奉納した経巻。『法華経(ほけきょう)』28品に開経（無量義経）と結経(けちきょう)（観普賢経）を加え、さらに具経(ぐきょう)の「般若心経(はんにゃしんぎょう)」「阿弥陀経(あみだきょう)」「願文(がんもん)」（各一巻）を加えた33巻を一具とする。これは、33の姿に変化(へんげ)して衆生(しゅじょう)を救うという、厳島神社の本地仏十一面観音(かんのん)の三十三応現身の思想に基づく。平安時代なかばから貴族社会に流行した、いわゆる「一品経供養(いっぽんきょうくよう)」の流れをくむ遺品で、清盛自筆の願文から、重盛(しげもり)・頼盛(よりもり)・経盛(つねもり)ら一門32人がそれぞれ一巻あて結縁(けちえん)して、善美の限りを尽くした写経であることが知られる。各巻の書写は、1人1巻ないし数巻の分担執筆で、なかには優れた能書の筆跡も含まれる。また、各巻ともに表紙、見返し、料紙、発装(はっそう)金具、紐(ひも)、軸など、すべて当代の絵画・書跡・工芸の最高技術を駆使した華麗な装飾を施し、平家の栄華を反映して余すところがない。また、これら一具を納める金銀荘雲竜文(きんぎんそううんりゅうもん)銅製経箱、さらにこの経箱を納める蔦蒔絵唐櫃(つたまきえからびつ)も一括して国宝に指定されている。

［神崎充晴］

『小松茂美著『平家納経の研究』（1976・講談社）』▽『小松茂美著『平家納経の世界――国宝の謎を推理する』（1976・六興出版）』

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