A type of leavening agent used in processing wheat flour products. It is abbreviated as BP. It is also commonly called baking powder. The main ingredient is sodium bicarbonate (commonly known as baking soda), with an acidic agent (ammonium phosphate, alum, calcined alum, potassium hydrogen tartrate, etc.) added as a neutralizing agent. Sodium bicarbonate alone can be used as a leavening agent, but it leaves an alkaline substance after the reaction, which reduces the flavor and destroys alkaline and unstable vitamins such as vitamins B1 and C. To improve this, baking powder is created by neutralizing the alkali with an acidic agent. When baking powder is heated in the presence of moisture, it undergoes a chemical reaction to produce carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide gas). This gas creates bubbles in the dough, causing it to rise. By changing the composition, it can be made into a quick-acting or slow-acting type depending on the purpose. Baking powder is prone to reacting when exposed to moisture and heat, so it is important to store it away from moisture. In addition, it is necessary to bake the cake immediately after adding it to the batter, and if it is left in the batter, it will lose its leavening effect. The yeast used in bread is also a leavening agent, but it is not a chemical reaction, but rather uses carbon dioxide produced by the proliferation of yeast bacteria. [Tomomi Kono] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
小麦粉製品の加工における膨剤の一種。略してBPと表記する。一般に膨らし粉ともいう。原料は炭酸水素ナトリウム(一般名は重曹)を主体とし、中和剤としての酸剤(リン酸アンモニウム、ミョウバンや焼きミョウバン、酒石酸水素カリウムなど)が配合される。炭酸水素ナトリウムだけでも膨剤として使えるが、反応後にアルカリ性物質が残るため、風味が低下し、しかもビタミンB1、Cなど、アルカリ性で不安定なビタミン類が破壊される。これを改良するために、酸剤でアルカリを中和したのがベーキングパウダーである。ベーキングパウダーの膨剤としての働きは、水分がある状態で加熱されると化学反応をおこして二酸化炭素(炭酸ガス)が発生する。このガスにより生地(きじ)に気泡ができて膨化する。配合を変えることによって、速効型、遅効型など、目的に応じたものがつくられる。ベーキングパウダーは水分や熱にあうと反応しやすいので、保存には湿気を避けることがたいせつである。また、ケーキの生地に加えたあとはすぐに焼くことが必要で、配合したまま放置すると膨化効力を失う。なお、パンに用いるイーストも膨剤であるが、イーストは化学反応ではなく、酵母菌の繁殖によって生じる二酸化炭素を利用したものである。 [河野友美] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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