An incident in the history of the American labor movement that occurred in Chicago in 1886. On May 1 of that year, strikes and demonstrations by American workers calling for an eight-hour workday reached their peak in Chicago, but shortly thereafter, on the 3rd, four striking workers from the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company were killed by police. At the call of anarchists, a protest rally was held in Haymarket Square on the night of the 4th, but when the police ordered it to disperse, someone threw a bomb, resulting in a clash that left many dead and injured (seven police officers and four workers). In the midst of the turmoil, eight anarchists were put on trial, one committed suicide in prison, and four were hanged. Later, Illinois Governor JP Altgeld pardoned the remaining three who were in prison, claiming that the trial was unfair. The incident was a blow to the eight-hour labor movement, but in 1889 the Second International designated May 1 as International Workers' Day to commemorate the great struggle of American workers, including the memory of the incident, and this became the origin of May Day. [Tatsuro Nomura] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1886年シカゴで起こったアメリカ労働運動史上の事件。同年5月1日、8時間労働を求めるアメリカ労働者のストライキとデモは、シカゴにおいて最大の盛り上がりをみせたが、その直後の3日マッコーミック収穫機会社のストライキ労働者4名が警官により殺される事件が起こった。アナキストの呼びかけにより、4日夜ヘイマーケットHaymarket広場で抗議集会が催されたが、警官隊が解散を命じたとき、何者かが爆弾を投じ、衝突のすえ多数の死傷者(死者は警官7名、労働者4名)が出た。騒然たる雰囲気のなかで8名のアナキストが裁判にかけられ、1名は獄中で自殺し、4名が絞首刑になった。のちイリノイ州知事オルトゲルドJ.P.Altgeldは裁判が不当であったとして、残る禁錮の3名を恩赦した。事件は8時間労働運動にとって打撃となったが、89年第二インターナショナルは、事件の記憶をも含めてアメリカ労働者の偉大な闘争を記念して、5月1日を労働者の国際的連帯の日と定め、これがメーデーの起源となった。 [野村達朗] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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