British potter. Born into a family that operated a pottery business, he was taught the basics of pottery by his father and older brother. From 1754 he worked in the workshop of the potter Thomas Wheeldon, where he mastered his unique stoneware techniques. In 1759 he became independent, setting up a factory in Burslem, and in 1765, under the patronage of the royal family, he succeeded in improving creamware, creating a type of stoneware known as "Queen's Ware." Furthermore, his Basalt Ware, which imitated ancient Greek pottery, and Jasper Ware, which imitated the ancient Roman "Portland Vase," feature white cameo-style decorative reliefs on a transparent base, and sparked the popularity of the neoclassical style in the British crafts world at the time. His style has been passed down even after his death, and he remains a representative British pottery to this day. He also made a major contribution to the modernization of the European pottery industry by being one of the earliest adopters of steam power in his factories and inventing the pyrometer. [Shinozuka Fumio] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの陶芸家。製陶業を営む家に生まれ、父や兄に陶芸の手ほどきを受ける。1754年から陶芸家トマス・ウィールドンの工房で働き、その独創的な炻器(せっき)の技法を修得。59年に独立、バースレムに工場を設け、65年には王室の保護を受けてクリーム・ウェアの改良に成功、「クィーンズ・ウェア」とよばれる炻器を創製した。さらに古代ギリシア陶器を模したバザルト・ウェアや、古代ローマの「ポートランドの壺(つぼ)」を模したジャスパー・ウェア(碧玉(へきぎょく)手)は、透明な器地にカメオ風の白い装飾浮彫りを施したもので、当時のイギリス工芸界に新古典様式流行の契機をつくった。彼の死後もその作風は受け継がれ、現代においてもイギリス陶器の代表としてその地位は保たれている。 また、彼は産業革命による蒸気動力をいち早く工場に採用したり、高温計を発明するなど、ヨーロッパ製陶業の近代化に大きな貢献をした。 [篠塚二三男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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