John Wesley

Japanese: ウェスリー - うぇすりー(英語表記)John Wesley
John Wesley

The founder of the Methodist Church, one of the major Protestant denominations. Also called Wesley. Born the son of a priest in the Church of England. He himself remained in the Church of England as a priest throughout his life, but after his death, he and his brother Charles Wesley (1707-1788) started the Methodist movement, the predecessor of the Methodist Church, which separated from the Church of England. The name Methodist was given to Wesley because the "Holiness Club" he established with devout students while he was an assistant professor at Oxford University, lived a disciplined (methodical) life. In 1735, Wesley went to Georgia, then a British colony in America, as a missionary, but returned to Japan two years later after failing in his mission work. After that, he visited the Moravian Brethren, a pietist sect in Germany, and experienced a conversion that gave him a living faith. From then on, Wesley became a passionate evangelistic preacher who preached to people a vibrant faith that aimed for a sanctified and perfect life. Whenever formal state churches would not permit it, he would preach to masses on the roadside or in the open, giving more than 40,000 sermons during a 200,000-kilometre missionary journey.

Wesley's Methodist movement and church brought about revivals among the working masses in England against the backdrop of the progress of the Industrial Revolution, and among western settlers in America, and had a major social impact.

[Yasuo Furuya, June 19, 2018]

"The Collected Works of Wesley, translated by Fujii Takao et al., 7 volumes (1960-1973, Dosho Kankokai)""Wesley, by Noro Yoshio (1963, Publishing Bureau of the United Church of Christ in Japan)""The Life and Theology of Wesley, by Noro Yoshio (1975, Publishing Bureau of the United Church of Christ in Japan)"

[References] | Methodist | Moravian Brethren

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

プロテスタントの大教派の一つであるメソジスト教会の創始者。ウェスレーともいう。イギリス国教会の司祭の子として生まれる。彼自身も司祭として生涯、国教会にとどまったが、彼の死後に、国教会から分離したメソジスト教会の前身であるメソジスト運動を、弟のチャールズCharles Wesley(1707―1788)とともに始めた。メソジストという名称は、オックスフォード大学の助教授時代に信仰に熱心な学生たちとつくった「神聖クラブ」が規律(メソド)正しい生活をしていたことからつけられた。1735年ウェスリーは、当時イギリスのアメリカ植民地ジョージアに宣教師として赴き、伝道に失敗して2年後に帰国。そのあとドイツの敬虔(けいけん)派モラビア兄弟会を訪問してから、生きた信仰を与えられた回心を経験する。それからのウェスリーは聖化された完全な生活を目ざす活力ある信仰を人々に説く、熱烈な伝道説教者となった。形式的な国教会で許されない場合には路傍や野外で大衆に向かって説き、32万キロメートルにわたる伝道旅行中に4万回以上も説教している。

 ウェスリーのメソジスト運動と教会は、イギリスでは産業革命の進展を背景に労働者大衆の間に、アメリカでは西部開拓者の間にリバイバル(信仰復興)をもたらし、社会的にも大きな影響を及ぼした。

[古屋安雄 2018年6月19日]

『藤井孝夫他訳『ウェスレー著作集』全7巻(1960~1973・同書刊行会)』『野呂芳男著『ウェスレー』(1963・日本基督教団出版局)』『野呂芳男著『ウェスレーの生涯と神学』(1975・日本基督教団出版局)』

[参照項目] | メソジスト派 | モラビア兄弟会

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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