Taxonomy - taxonomy

Japanese: 分類学 - ぶんるいがく（英語表記）taxonomy

A branch of biology. If we distinguish between the terms classification and taxonomy, the former is concerned with naming and organizing the many different kinds of living species into a single system in an appropriate way, while the latter is a field that deals with the theoretical problem of how to classify them. In reality, however, the term taxonomy also includes the content of the task of classification itself. The criteria for classification initially began with classification based on external morphological characteristics, and have since evolved to classification by habits and evolutionary lineage. Currently, knowledge at the molecular level of proteins (especially amino acid sequences) is also used as a clue for classification, while there is also the position of numerical taxonomy, which aims to objectify the agreement and disagreement of multiple classification indicators by using computers, etc.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

生物学の一分科。分類と分類学という用語を区別するならば，前者は，多種類の生物の種を妥当な仕方で命名，整理して一つの体系にまとめるのが課題であり，後者は，この分類の仕方を理論的に問題とする分野ということになるが，実際は分類学という語に，分類の仕事の内容そのものも含ませて考える。分類作業の基準は，初期には外見上の形態的特徴による分類から始って，習性による分類，進化の系統による分類へと発展してきた。現在では蛋白質分子レベルでの知識 (ことにアミノ酸配列) なども分類の手掛りに取入れられる一方，多項目の分類指標の合致，不一致をコンピュータなどで処理して客観化を目指す数量分類学 numerical taxonomyの立場もある。

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