Fractional crystallization

Japanese: 分別結晶 - ぶんべつけっしょう(英語表記)fractional crystallization
Fractional crystallization

A method of separating solutes with slightly different solubilities through stepwise crystallization. The first crystals to precipitate from a mixed solution are relatively concentrated with the less soluble components, while the mother liquor is relatively concentrated with the more soluble components. Because this is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, it is not used much these days as other separation methods have been developed, but historically, all lanthanides except promethium have been separated by this method.

It can also refer to the process in which the equilibrium constant changes in response to changes in temperature and pressure of a multi-component mixed solution, and crystallization progresses sequentially from substances with lower solubility, such as the process in which rocks are formed from magma.

[Iwamoto Shinbu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

溶解度がわずかに異なる溶質を段階的に結晶化して分離する方法。混合溶液から最初に析出する結晶は、より難溶性の成分が相対的に濃縮され、母液にはより易溶性の成分が相対的に濃縮される原理による。時間と手間のかかる操作のため、他の分離法が発達した現在ではあまり利用されないが、歴史的にはプロメチウムを除くすべてのランタノイドがこの方法で分離されている。

 多成分系混合溶液の温度・圧力の変化に応じて平衡定数が変化し、溶解度が小さくなった物質から順次結晶化が進行する過程をいうこともあり、マグマから岩石が生成する過程がこれに相当する。

[岩本振武]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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