This treaty ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). Since 1645, peace conferences had been held in Münster and Osnabrück in Westphalia, Germany, but it was finally signed on October 24, 1648. By this treaty, Sweden acquired Western Pomerania, the Archbishopric of Bremen, the Bishopric of Verden, etc., France acquired the three Bishoprics of Metz, Tours, and Verdun, and the Habsburg territories of Alsace, Brandenburg acquired Eastern Pomerania, the Archbishopric of Magdeburg, the Bishopric of Minden, etc., Bavaria was recognized as an electorate in the Southern Palatinate, and Switzerland and the Netherlands were recognized as independent countries. It was also decided that the church territories would be restored to the state they were in in 1624, and Calvinism, which had been rejected in the Peace of Augsburg in 1555, was recognized with the same status as Lutherans. In addition, the German princes and imperial cities were granted the right to form alliances with each other and with foreign nations, provided that they did not treat the Kaiser and the Empire as enemies. As a result of this treaty, the power of the Habsburgs, which had been dominant in Europe until then, declined, France and Sweden rose to prominence as powerful nations, and Brandenburg's power within Germany grew. Meanwhile, the principle of separation within the German Empire (Holy Roman Empire) became more and more decisive, and the Empire became merely a nominal existence. [Kenjiro Nakamura] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
三十年戦争(1618~1648)を終結させた条約。講和会議は、1645年からドイツのウェストファーレンWestfalen(ウェストファリアWestphaliaは英語名)地方のミュンスターとオスナブリュックとに分かれて開かれていたが、1648年10月24日にようやく調印された。この条約により、スウェーデンは西ポンメルンとブレーメン大司教領、フェルデン司教領などを、フランスはメス、トゥール、ベルダンの3司教領とアルザスのハプスブルク家領を獲得し、ブランデンブルクは東ポンメルン、マクデブルク大司教領、ミンデン司教領などの領有を、バイエルンは南プファルツの領有と選帝侯位を認められ、スイスとオランダは独立国の地位を承認された。また、教会領については、1624年の状態に戻すことが決められ、また1555年のアウクスブルクの和議で否認されたカルバン派もルター派と同じ資格で承認された。そのほか、ドイツの領邦諸侯と帝国都市は、皇帝と帝国を敵としない限りという条件付きながら、相互の間で、また外国とも同盟する権利を認められた。この条約の結果、それまでヨーロッパで優越的な地位を占めていたハプスブルク家の勢力は後退し、フランスとスウェーデンが強国として台頭するとともに、ドイツ内部ではブランデンブルクの勢力が伸張することになった。一方、ドイツ帝国(神聖ローマ帝国)内の分立主義はいよいよ決定的となり、帝国は名目的存在にすぎなくなった。 [中村賢二郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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