Hund's rule

Japanese: フントの規則 - フントのきそく(英語表記)Hund's rule
Hund's rule
A rule regarding the energy levels of atoms that E. Hund empirically derived from atomic spectrum data. Within an atom, if there are x electrons in orbits with fixed quantum numbers n and l , and 1 < x < 2l , then there are several states with different spin quantum numbers S and azimuthal quantum numbers L. Of these, the one with the largest S is the most stable, and among those with the largest S , there is a tendency for the one with the largest L to be the most stable. Also, within the fine structure, when the electrons in the outer shell are packed half or less, the smaller the total angular momentum J , the more stable it is, and when they are packed half or more, the larger the J , the more stable it is.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
原子のエネルギー準位に関して,E.フントが原子スペクトルのデータから経験的に導き出した規則。原子のなかで,量子数 nl が決まった軌道の中に x 個の電子があり,1<x<2l であれば,スピン量子数 S と方位量子数 L が異なるいくつかの状態が存在する。このうち,S が最大のものが最も安定であり,S が最大のもののなかでは,L が最大のものが最も安定という傾向がみられる。また微細構造のなかでは,外殻での電子の詰まり方が半分以下のときは,全角運動量 J が小さいものほど安定であり,詰まり方が半分以上のときは,J が大きいものほど安定となる。

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