A system in which employees can be employed regardless of whether they are union members or not. In contrast, a system in which only members of a specific union can be employed and those who lose their union membership must be fired is called a closed shop, and a system in which employees must join a specific union after being hired is called a union shop. In an open shop, employees are free to join a certain union after being hired. In Japan, open shops are legally mandated for both operational and non-operational public servants (National Enterprise Labor Relations Act, Article 4, Paragraph 1; Local Public Enterprise Labor Relations Act, Article 5, Paragraph 1; National Public Service Act, Article 108, Paragraphs 2 and 3; Local Public Service Act, Article 52, Paragraph 3). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
従業員が労働組合員であるか否かにかかわらず雇用できる制度。これに対し,特定の組合員でなければ雇用できず,その組合員資格を失った者は解雇しなければならない制度をクローズド・ショップといい,雇われたのち特定の組合に加入しなければならない制度をユニオン・ショップという。オープン・ショップでは,採用後に従業員が一定の組合に加入するか否かも自由である。日本では公務員については現業・非現業ともオープン・ショップが法定されている (国営企業労働関係法4条1項,地方公営企業労働関係法5条1項,国家公務員法 108条の2,3項,地方公務員法 52条3項) 。
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