Wundt, Wilhelm

Japanese: ブント(英語表記)Wundt, Wilhelm
Wundt, Wilhelm
Born: August 16, 1832, Neckarau, near Mannheim, Baden
Died: August 31, 1920. German psychologist and philosopher from Grossbotten near Leipzig. After teaching at the University of Heidelberg and the University of Zurich, he became a professor at the University of Leipzig. He studied physiology under JP Muller at the University of Berlin and W. Helmholtz at the University of Heidelberg. In 1879, he established the world's first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, and many scholars from around the world gathered there to study sensations, reaction time, psychophysics, associations, and more, leading the world of psychology. In his later years, he broadened his horizons to include logic, ethics, and philosophy, and argued for the existence of folk psychology, arguing that even in the field of psychology, the laws of complex mental phenomena cannot be handled by experimental physiological psychology. Major works include System der Philosophie (1889), Principles of Psychology Grundriss der Psychologie (96), and Völkerpsychologie (10 volumes, 1900-20) (→Constructive Psychology, Syntactic Psychology).

Bund

One of the New Left factions in Japan. Its official name is the Communist League. Bund is an abbreviation of the German name Kommunistischer Bund. In 1955, when the Japanese Communist Party declared its abandonment of armed struggle, the affiliated All-Japan Student Self-Government Association (Zengakuren) split into a mainstream faction dissatisfied with the party leadership's policies and an anti-mainstream faction that followed the leadership, resulting in fierce conflict. In 1958, student members who had been expelled from the party formed the Communist League (JCLU) with the aim of creating a new revolutionary movement, and in 1959 they took control of the Zengakuren and led the 1960 Security Treaty struggle (→Security Treaty Revision Issue). However, many of the leaders were arrested and detained in the later stages of the Security Treaty struggle, weakening the organization, and it also split and disintegrated over how to summarize the struggle after the defeat. Later, many of them moved to the National Committee of the Revolutionary Communist League (Kakukyo), while the Red Army Faction, which became the basis for the Japanese Red Army, and the United Red Army, which caused the Asama-Sanso Incident, were born. (→New Left)

Bund
Bund

A Jewish socialist party in Russia, Poland, and Lithuania. It was a colloquial name for the Jewish Socialist Labor Party, which means "Alliance" in German. It was founded in Wilno (Vilnius) in 1897 as an illegal party. It had about 30,000 members and played an important role in the Russian Revolution of 1905 and 1917. In 1898, it participated in the first congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party as an independent organization, but left the party in 1903 in opposition to Lenin's centralized party organization. After returning in 1906, it had Menshevik tendencies, but at the 12th congress in 1920, it split. The majority supported the policy of joining the Communist Party, but the minority led by R. Abramovich formed the Social Democratic Bund. However, it was soon destroyed by the Bolshevik terror. In Poland, it regained its influence between World War I and World War II, but was destroyed by the Nazis.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1832.8.16. バーデン,マンハイム近郊ネッカラウ
[没]1920.8.31. ライプチヒ近郊グロースボーテン
ドイツの心理学者,哲学者。ハイデルベルク大学,チューリヒ大学教授を経て,ライプチヒ大学教授。ベルリン大学時代には J.P.ミュラー,ハイデルベルク大学時代には W.ヘルムホルツのもとで生理学を研究。 1879年ライプチヒ大学に世界で最初の心理学実験室を創設,諸外国からも多数の学者が集り,感覚,反応時間,精神物理学,連想などの研究がなされ,世界の心理学界をリードした。晩年には,論理学,倫理学,哲学の領域にまで視野を広げ,心理学の領域でも複雑な精神現象の法則は実験的生理的心理学では取扱いえないとして,民族心理学の存立を主張した。主著『哲学体系』 System der Philosophie (1889) ,『心理学原論』 Grundriss der Psychologie (96) ,『民族心理学』 Völkerpsychologie (10巻,1900~20) (→構成心理学 , 統覚心理学 ) 。

ブント

日本の新左翼党派の一つ。正称は共産主義者同盟。ブントはドイツ語名コミュニスティッシャー・ブント Kommunistischer Bundの略。1955年,日本共産党が武装闘争放棄を宣言すると,傘下の全日本学生自治会総連合(全学連)は,党指導部の方針に不満をもつ主流派と,指導部に従う反主流派に分かれて激しく対立した。党を除名された学生党員らは 1958年,新しい革命運動を目指して共産主義者同盟(共産同)を結成,1959年に全学連の指導権を握り,1960年の安保闘争(→安保改定問題)を主導した。しかし,安保闘争後期に多くの幹部が逮捕・勾留されて組織は弱体化し,さらに闘争敗北後の総括をめぐって分裂,解体に向かった。その後,革命的共産主義者同盟(革共同)全国委員会に多数が移る一方,日本赤軍の母体となった赤軍派,浅間山荘事件を起こした連合赤軍などが誕生した。(→ニュー・レフト)

ブント
Bund

ロシア,ポーランド,リトアニア (リトワ) におけるユダヤ人の社会主義政党。「ユダヤ社会主義労働党」の通称で,ドイツ語で「同盟」を意味する。 1897年ウィルノ (ビリニュス) に非合法政党として創設された。約3万人のメンバーを有し,1905年と 17年のロシア革命では重要な役割を演じた。 1898年ロシア社会民主労働党の第1回大会に独立の組織として参加したが,レーニンの中央集権的党組織論に反対して 1903年脱党。 06年復帰後はメンシェビキ的傾向をもっていたが,20年の第 12回大会で分裂し,多数派は共産党に加入する方針を支持したが,R.アブラモービッチに率いられる少数派は社会・民主ブントを結成。しかしまもなくボルシェビキのテロで壊滅した。ポーランドでは第1,2次世界大戦間に勢力を回復したが,ナチスによって滅ぼされた。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Bund (English spelling)

>>:  Wen Tianxiang

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