Wen Tianxiang

A Chinese politician at the end of the Southern Song dynasty. Born in Jishui (Jishui County, Jiangxi Province). At the age of 20, he passed the Jinshi examination with the highest rank. In 1259, when the Mongolian army invaded Sichuan and rumors of moving the capital gained momentum, he, who was only a local official, strongly opposed this and was dismissed from office. He was later reinstated, but resigned due to a conflict with Jia Sidao. When the Yuan army approached the capital Lin'an in 76, he led 10,000 volunteers and fought bravely, but was unsuccessful, and the Song dynasty surrendered to the Yuan dynasty. He met with Bayan, the prime minister of the Yuan dynasty, to make peace, but was detained after an argument, but escaped, and served King Yi in Fuzhou, gathered the remaining Song troops, and fought on a fighting course. He was captured by the Yuan dynasty again, and tried to poison him, but was unable to do so, and was sent to Dadu (Beijing). He was eager to serve under the Yuan Dynasty, but refused and spent three years in prison before being executed, leaving behind the song "Song of Sanity."

[Setsuko Yanagida]

“Buntenshō” written by Iku Umehara (1967, Jinjin Oraisha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、南宋(なんそう)末の政治家。吉水(きっすい)（江西省吉水県）の人。20歳で進士に第一位で及第。1259年モンゴル軍が四川(しせん)に侵入し、遷都説が強まると、一地方官にすぎなかった彼は強くこれに反対し、官を追われた。のち復職したが賈似道(かじどう)と対立して辞職。76年元(げん)軍が首都臨安に迫ると、義勇軍1万人を率いて奮戦したがかなわず、宋は元に降服した。講和のため元の丞相(じょうしょう)バヤンと会見、口論して拘留されたが脱走、福州で益王を奉じ、宋の残兵を集めて転戦した。ふたたび元に捕らえられ、毒を仰いだが果たせず、大都（北京(ペキン)）に送られた。元への仕官を切望されたが拒否し、獄中にあること3年、「正気の歌」を残して刑死した。

［柳田節子］

『梅原郁著『文天祥』（1967・人物往来社）』

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