Genyosha - Genyosha

A Japanese nationalist group. Founded in Fukuoka in 1881 (Meiji 14) by Hakoda Rokusuke, Hiraoka Kotaro, Toyama Mitsuru and others against the backdrop of the movement of disgruntled samurai in the former Fukuoka domain, they played an active role as pioneers of the nationalist movement. They also participated in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, such as petitioning for the establishment of a national parliament, but they leaned toward nationalism, taking the position that civil rights would be expanded by establishing national sovereignty, and included in their constitution the following provisions: (1) respect for the Imperial Family, (2) cherishing the home country, and (3) protecting the rights of the people. In response to the argument for the Seikan (Conquest of Korea) by the late Saigo Takamori and others, they advocated for expansion into the continent, and in 1889, their member Kurushima Tsuneki attacked Foreign Minister Okuma Shigenobu over the issue of treaty revision, and they also engaged in terrorist acts of hard-line foreign policy. Around the time of the Sino-Japanese War, the company plotted in Korea and China, and during the Russo-Japanese War, it organized the Manchurian Volunteer Army and engaged in guerrilla activities. It also linked up with Korean politicians such as Kim Ok-gyun and prepared for Japan's annexation of Korea, while also contacting Sun Yat-sen and others, participating in the early Chinese Revolution and producing many continental ronin (masterless samurai) from among its members. Nationalist groups such as the Black Dragon Society and the Ronin Association also had their origins in the Genyosha, and these groups later took over the Genyosha's activities. After that, the company maintained a hidden influence as the forefather of nationalism, mainly through educational projects, but was dissolved in 1946 (Showa 21) by order of the occupying forces.

[Makio Okabe]

"Genyosha Company History" (1917, Company History Editorial Committee)" ▽ "Ashizu Chihiko, "Greater Asianism and Toyama Mitsuru" (1972, Nippon Kyobunsha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日本の国家主義団体。旧福岡藩の不平士族の運動を背景に、1881年（明治14）箱田六輔(ろくすけ)、平岡浩太郎(こうたろう)、頭山満(とうやまみつる)らが福岡で結成、国家主義運動の草分けとして活躍した。国会開設請願など、自由民権運動にもくみしたが、憲則に、(1)皇室の敬戴(けいたい)、(2)本国の愛重、(3)人民権利の固守を掲げ、国権の確立によって民権が伸長されるとの立場にたち、国家主義に傾斜した。故西郷隆盛(たかもり)らの征韓論を受けて大陸進出を主張、89年には社員来島恒喜(くるしまつねき)が条約改正問題で外相大隈重信(おおくましげのぶ)に投弾するなど、対外強硬論のテロも行った。日清(にっしん)戦争前後から朝鮮・中国で画策、日露戦争では満州義軍を組織してゲリラ活動に従事した。また金玉均(きんぎょくきん／キムオクキュン)ら韓国の政客と結び、日本の韓国併合を準備する一方、孫文(そんぶん／スンウェン)らとも連絡、初期の中国革命に参画し、社員から多くの大陸浪人を輩出した。黒竜会、浪人会などの国家主義団体も玄洋社を母胎にしており、のちにはこれらの団体が玄洋社の運動を引き継ぐ形となった。その後は育英事業などを中心に、国家主義の鼻祖として隠然たる影響力を保っていたが、1946年（昭和21）占領軍の指令で解散。

［岡部牧夫］

『『玄洋社社史』（1917・同社社史編纂会）』▽『葦津珍彦著『大アジア主義と頭山満』（1972・日本教文社）』

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