Dining car - dining car

Japanese: 食堂車 - しょくどうしゃ(英語表記)dining car
Dining car - dining car

A passenger car with a galley and dining room. It is said that the first dining car was built in 1867 by American inventor George Mortimer Pullman (1831-1897). In Japan, the first dining car was attached to an express train in May 1899 (Meiji 32) by the Sanyo Railway (now the JR Sanyo Main Line) to compete with steamships in the Seto Inland Sea, but it only had seats for eight people and was a first-class car with a dining room. For a long time, coal was used as the heat source for cooking, but later electricity was used. In some countries, propane gas is used. Dining cars were attached to long-distance express trains and Shinkansen trains, but the number of users continued to decrease due to the shortening of travel times caused by the increase in train speed. As a result, the number of dining cars on conventional trains continued to decrease, and in March 2000, dining cars on Shinkansen trains stopped operating, and were replaced with take-out cafeterias and vending machines, and in 2003, the cafeterias were also abolished. In Europe, some trains such as the TGV and Eurostar have eliminated the dining car by serving pre-cooked meals, similar to in-flight meals on airplanes. In addition, event trains have appeared that sell meals on board for tourists, and these can be considered a new type of dining car.

[Mitsuo Yoshimura and Yoshihiko Sato, September 16, 2016]

[Reference] | Passenger cars | Shinkansen | Sleeping cars
Dining car from the Meiji period
"Tokyo Landscape" (1911, Meiji 44) owned by the National Diet Library

Dining car from the Meiji period


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

調理室と食堂のある客車。1867年アメリカの発明家プルマンGeorge Mortimer Pullman(1831―1897)がつくったのが最初といわれている。日本では1899年(明治32)5月に山陽鉄道(現在のJR山陽本線)が瀬戸内海の汽船に対抗して急行に連結したのが最初であるが、8人分の席しかなく、食堂付き1等車というべきものであった。調理用の熱源には長らく石炭が使われたが、後に電気になった。海外ではプロパンガスを使用している例もある。食堂車は長距離を走る在来線の特急列車や新幹線を中心に連結され、営業していたが、鉄道の高速化による乗車時間の短縮などにより、その利用者は減少を続けた。これに伴い在来線の食堂車は減り続け、2000年(平成12)3月には新幹線の食堂車も営業を停止し、持ち帰り形式のカフェテリアや自動販売機に切り替えられ、2003年にはカフェテリアも廃止された。ヨーロッパのTGV(テージェーベー)やユーロスター等では、航空機の機内食と同様に、あらかじめ調理した食事をサービスするようにして食堂車をなくしたものもある。また、観光用として車内での供食を売り物としたイベント列車が登場しており、これらは新しいタイプの食堂車といえよう。

[吉村光夫・佐藤芳彦 2016年9月16日]

[参照項目] | 客車 | 新幹線 | 寝台車
明治時代の食堂車
『東京風景』(1911年〈明治44〉)国立国会図書館所蔵">

明治時代の食堂車


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