Sentence pattern - Bunkei

Japanese: 文型 - ぶんけい
Sentence pattern - Bunkei

When a sentence is classified into several categories and described according to the order in which the elements are combined, each category or description is called a sentence pattern. Therefore, if the method of describing grammar is different, the concept of sentence pattern will also be different, so there is no unified definition. Examples of how to describe sentence patterns are as follows: (1) verb sentence, adjective sentence, noun sentence, (2) declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence, exclamatory sentence, (3) S (subject) + V (verb) + O (object), S + O + V.

Grammar has become an issue mainly when a language is studied as a foreign language, but it has also been used in the study of classical languages. The earliest tables of Japanese grammar are waka poetry books such as "Anegakojishiki," which were used in the world of waka poetry in the early Edo period. Its perfected form can be found in Motoori Norinaga's "Kotoba no Tamao." After the Meiji period, research into basic grammar was undertaken mainly due to the need for Japanese language education during the Pacific War. After the war, the studies by the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics were the most detailed descriptive studies of grammar. Furthermore, since generative grammar seeks unified rules for generating sentences, it also includes the study of grammar as a part of it.

[Kondo Yasuhiro]

"Basic Japanese Grammar Patterns" (1942) compiled by the Young People's Cultural Association ; "Spoken Language Grammar Patterns (1) (2)" (1960, 1963, Shueisha Publishing) compiled by the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics ; "Research on Basic Grammar Patterns" (1960, Meiji Tosho) written by Hayashi Shiro.

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

文が、どのような要素を、どういう順に組み合わせて成立しているのかをいくつかの類に分けて記述したとき、その一つ一つの類型やその記述を文型とよぶ。したがって、文法の記述の方法が異なれば、それによって文型の概念も異なったものとなるために、統一的な定義は存在しない。いくつかの文型の記述法を例示すると次のようになる。(1)動詞文・形容詞文・名詞文、(2)平叙文・疑問文・命令文・感嘆文、(3)S(主語)+V(動詞)+O(目的語)、S+O+V。

 文型が問題となってきたのは、おもに外国語として当該言語を学習するときであるが、古典語の学習にもまた用いられた。日本語の文型表としてもっとも初期のものは、江戸時代初期の歌学の世界で用いられた『姉小路式(あねがこうじしき)』等の歌学書である。その完成された形が本居宣長(もとおりのりなが)の『詞(ことば)の玉緒(たまのお)』にみられる。明治以降は、おもに太平洋戦争中に日本語教育の必要性から、基本文型の研究が行われた。戦後では、国立国語研究所の諸研究が、記述的文型研究のもっとも詳細なものである。また、生成文法は、文生成の統一的規則を求めるものであるから、文型研究をその一部に含むものである。

[近藤泰弘]

『青年文化協会編『日本語基本文型』(1942)』『国立国語研究所編『話しことばの文型(1)(2)』(1960、63・秀英出版)』『林四郎著『基本文型の研究』(1960・明治図書)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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