When investigating the characteristics of a group, it is sometimes necessary to select a portion of the group, survey that portion, and infer the characteristics of the original group based on the survey results. In this case, the original group is called the population, and the selected portion is called the sample. For example, let's say you want to know the average height of all adult males in a certain area. In this case, you can record the heights of all adult males in the area and find the average, but when the area is large, this is often difficult to implement in terms of effort, cost, and time. In such cases, you can record the heights of a portion of adult males selected from the area using an appropriate method, and use the average to estimate the overall average height. [Shigeru Furuya] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある集団のもつ性質を調査するとき、集団の一部分を適当に選び出し、その一部分について調査し、その調査結果をもとにしてもとの集団の性質を推定することがある。この場合、もとの集団を母集団といい、選び出した一部分を標本という。たとえば、ある地域の成人男子全体の平均身長を知りたいとしよう。このとき、その地域の成人男子全体について身長の記録をとってその平均を求めればよいが、地域が広い場合などは、労力、費用、時間などの点から実行が困難なことが多い。そうした場合には、地域から適当な方法で選び出された一部分の成人男子について身長の記録をとり、その平均をもって、全体の平均身長を推定する。 [古屋 茂] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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