Sharman, Bill

Japanese: シャーマン（英語表記）Sharman， Bill
Sharman, Bill
Born May 25, 1926 in Abilene, Texas. American basketball player and coach. His real name was William Walton Sharman. He was a master of free throws and long-distance shooting. After graduating from the University of Southern California in 1950, he played professionally in both baseball and basketball, but left the Brooklyn Dodgers in MLB in 1955 to focus on basketball. He played for the Washington Capitols in the NBA from 1950 to 1951, and then for the Boston Celtics for 10 years until his retirement in 1961. He won the NBA championship in four of his final five seasons with the team. His free throw success rates were 88.3% (3143 of 3557 attempts) in the regular season and 91.1% (370 of 406 attempts) in the playoffs, both of which are NBA records (the regular season record was subsequently broken). In the 1958-59 season, he set an NBA record with a 93.2% free throw success rate, and the following season in the playoffs, he set a record with 56 consecutive free throws made. After retiring from playing, he became a manager, leading the Los Angeles Lakers to an NBA championship in the 1971-72 season and winning the 1972 NBA Coach of the Year award. That season, the Lakers won 33 consecutive games, an NBA record. In 1976, he stepped down as a manager and became the Lakers' general manager. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player in 1976 and as a manager in 2004.

Shaman
Sherman, Stuart Pratt

Born October 1, 1881. Anita, Iowa
Died August 21, 1926. Manisty, Michigan. American critic and editor. After studying at Williams College and Harvard University, he taught at Northwestern University and then at the University of Illinois (1907-24). Influenced by the New Humanism of Babbitt and others, he violently attacked Dreiser, Mencken and others from a conservative standpoint, but later he gradually adopted a more flexible critical stance, and in 1924 he became literary editor of the New York Herald Tribune. His major works include Matthew Arnold: How to Know Him (1917), On Contemporary Literature (17), The Main Stream (27), and The Emotional Discovery of America (32).

Shaman
Sherman, Roger

Born April 19, 1721 in Newton, Massachusetts
[died] July 23, 1793. New Haven, Connecticut American politician. One of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Delegate to the Second Continental Congress in 1775. Member of the drafting committee for the Articles of Confederation. In the United States Constitutional Convention, when there was a conflict between the large states (→ Virginia's proposal) and the small states (→ New Jersey's proposal), he proposed the Connecticut Compromise, which sought to avoid a split between the states by limiting the right to submit revenue and expenditure bills to the house with proportional representation in order to satisfy the small states. He was a member of the Connecticut Council (1766-1785), mayor of New Haven (1784-1793), member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1789-1791), and member of the U.S. Senate (1791-1793), and was a member of the Federalists.

Shaman
Sherman, William Tecumseh

Born: February 8, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio
[Died] February 14, 1891. New York. US Army officer. At the start of the Civil War in 1861, he became an officer in the Union Army, and in August he was promoted to Brigadier General. He became neurotic and was considered mentally ill, but under General U. Grant, he planned the Battle of Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862, and in March 1864 he became commander of the Southwestern Department. From September to October, he traveled from Atlanta to Georgia, and carried out a thorough scorched earth policy, taking control of the entire Georgia region. In February 1865, he entered South Carolina, and in April, together with General Grant, forced the surrender of Confederate General R. Lee. After the war, he served as Commander-in-Chief of the US Army under President Grant in 1869, a position he held until 1882.

Shaman
Sherman, John

Born May 10, 1823 in Lancaster, Ohio
[Died] October 22, 1900, Washington, DC
American politician. Union general who played an active role in the Civil War. Brother of W. Sherman. Initially a Whig, he later helped found the Republican Party. Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1855 to 1861. U.S. Senator from 1861 to 1877. Led fiscal policy during the Reconstruction era. Secretary of the Treasury from 1877 to 1881 under President R. Hayes. Drafted the Antitrust Act of 1890 and the Silver Purchase Act. The Sherman Antitrust Act is well known, along with the Interstate Trade Act of 1887, as a piece of legislation restricting the monopolies of various industries that had become prominent since the 1880s. He later served as Chairman of the Senate Foreign Affairs Committee, and Secretary of State under President W. McKinley in 1897, but resigned due to illness.

Shaman
Sherman, James Schoolcraft

Born October 24, 1855 in Utica, New York
Died October 30, 1912. Utica, New York. American politician. Attorney in Utica in 1879. Mayor of Utica from 1884 to 1885. U.S. Representative from 1887 to 1991 and 1993 to 1909. Close to the Republican leadership, he was chairman of the Republican National Convention in 1895, 1900, and 1908. Vice President from 1809 to 1912 under President W. Taft.

Shaman
shaman

Shamans are people who are possessed by supernatural beings, communicate with the spirit world in a state of ecstasy, control spirits, and try to change the state of humans and nature. They are found all over the world.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1926.5.25. テキサス，アビリーン
アメリカ合衆国のバスケットボール選手，監督。本名 William Walton Sharman。フリースローと長距離シュートの名手。 1950年南カリフォルニア大学卒業後，野球とバスケットボールの両方でプロ選手としてプレーしたが，バスケットボールに専念するため 1955年大リーグのブルックリン・ドジャーズを退団。 1950～51年NBAのワシントン・キャピトルズに所属し，その後ボストン・セルティックスに 1961年に引退するまで 10年間在籍した。在籍した最後の5シーズンのうち4シーズンで NBA優勝を果たした。フリースロー成功率はレギュラーシーズン通算 88.3% (3557投中 3143本) ，プレーオフ通算 91.1% (406投中 370本) で，ともに NBA歴代記録を樹立 (レギュラーシーズンの記録はその後破られた) 。 1958-59年シーズンには1シーズン成功率 93.2%の NBA記録を達成，その翌シーズンのプレーオフではフリースロー連続成功 56本という記録も打ち立てた。現役引退後は監督として活躍，1971-72年シーズンにロサンゼルス・レイカーズを NBA優勝に導き，1972年 NBA最優秀監督賞に輝いた。同シーズン，レイカーズは NBA記録となる 33連勝を達成。 1976年に監督を辞任し，レイカーズのゼネラルマネージャーに就任した。 1976年選手として，2004年監督としてネイスミス記念バスケットボール殿堂入り。

シャーマン
Sherman， Stuart Pratt

[生]1881.10.1. アイオワ，アニータ
[没]1926.8.21. ミシガン，マニスティ
アメリカの批評家，編集者。ウィリアムズ・カレッジ，ハーバード大学に学んだあと，ノースウェスタン大学，次いでイリノイ大学 (1907～24) で教鞭をとった。バビットらの新ヒューマニズムの影響下に保守的な立場からドライサー，メンケンらを激しく攻撃したが，その後は次第に柔軟な批評態度に変り，1924年『ニューヨーク・ヘラルド・トリビューン』紙の文芸主幹となった。主著『マシュー・アーノルド』 Matthew Arnold: How to Know Him (1917) ，『現代の文学』 On Contemporary Literature (17) ，『主潮』 The Main Stream (27) ，『アメリカの情緒的発見』 The Emotional Discovery of America (32) 。

シャーマン
Sherman， Roger

[生]1721.4.19. マサチューセッツ，ニュートン
[没]1793.7.23. コネティカット，ニューヘーブン
アメリカの政治家。独立宣言署名者の一人。 1775年第2回大陸会議へのコネティカット代表。連合規約起草委員。合衆国憲法制定会議で大邦 (→バージニア案 ) と小邦 (→ニュージャージー案 ) の対立に際し，小邦を満足させるために，議会の1院では人口比例代表制をとり，他の1院は人口に関係なく諸邦平等とする，また大邦を満足させるために，歳出入に関する法案提出権は，人口比例代表制の院に限るという「コネティカット妥協案」を提案し分裂の回避に尽力した。コネティカット参事会員 (1766～85) ，ニューヘーブン市長 (84～93) ，連邦下院議員 (89～91) ，連邦上院議員 (91～93) を歴任し連邦派に属した。

シャーマン
Sherman， William Tecumseh

[生]1820.2.8. オハイオ，ランカスター
[没]1891.2.14. ニューヨーク
アメリカの陸軍軍人。 1861年南北戦争開始の際，北軍士官となり，8月陸軍准将。自己の戦闘指揮能力に絶望してノイローゼになり，精神異常とみなされたが，U.グラント将軍のもとで 62年4月6～7日シャイローの戦いの作戦を立て，64年3月南西部方面軍司令官。9～10月アトランタからジョージアに向い，徹底的な焦土作戦を行なってジョージア地方一帯を制圧。 65年2月サウスカロライナ州に入り，4月グラント将軍とともに南軍の R.リー将軍を降伏させた。戦後 69年グラント大統領のもとでアメリカ陸軍総司令官をつとめ，82年まで在職。

シャーマン
Sherman， John

[生]1823.5.10. オハイオ，ランカスター
[没]1900.10.22. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカの政治家。南北戦争に活躍した北軍の将軍。 W.シャーマンの弟。初めホイッグ党に属し，のち共和党結成に参加。 1855～61年連邦下院議員。 61～77年連邦上院議員。再建時代の財政政策を指導。 77～81年 R.ヘーズ大統領時代の財務長官。 90年反トラスト法，銀購入法を立案。「シャーマン反トラスト法」は 80年代以降顕著になった各産業の独占に対する規制立法として 87年の州際取引法とともに著名である。のち上院の外務委員会委員長，97年 W.マッキンレー大統領のもとで国務長官をつとめたが，病気のため辞任。

シャーマン
Sherman， James Schoolcraft

[生]1855.10.24. ニューヨーク，ユティカ
[没]1912.10.30. ニューヨーク，ユティカ
アメリカの政治家。 1879年ユティカで弁護士。 84～85年ユティカ市長。 87～91，93～1909年連邦下院議員。共和党指導部に接近し 1895，1900，08年の共和党全国大会議長。 W.タフト大統領のもとで，09～12年副大統領。

シャーマン
shaman

巫師ともいう。シャーマンという語はツングース語の呪術師をさす samanに由来するといわれ，広義には巫女，霊媒も含む。超自然的存在に憑かれ，恍惚状態において霊界とのコミュニケーションをはかり，霊格を統御し，人間や自然の状態を変えようとする働きをする者で，世界に広く分布している。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について　情報

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