Flory, Paul John

Japanese: フローリー(英語表記)Flory, Paul John
Flory, Paul John
Born June 19, 1910 in Sterling, Illinois
Died: September 9, 1985, California American physical chemist. After receiving his doctorate from Ohio State University in 1934, he worked at laboratories of DuPont and Standard Oil Company, researching and developing polymers (polymeric substances) that were commercially successful in the fields of synthetic fibers and synthetic rubber. He was a professor at Cornell University (1948), director of the Mellon Laboratory (56), and professor at Stanford University (61). He also conducted a wide range of fundamental research, including physical studies of polymers in bulk and solution, and the process of polymer formation. He also demonstrated that in order to understand the chemical structure and physical properties of polymers, it is necessary to know the size and shape of the molecules, and as one method of doing so, he devised the "Flory equation," which calculates the molecular weight and extent from the viscosity of a polymer solution. He is one of the fathers of today's heyday of plastics, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1974.

Flory
Florey, Howard Walter

Born: 24 September 1898 in Adelaide
[Died] February 21, 1968. Oxford Australian pathologist. Educated at both Adelaide and Oxford universities, he was professor of pathology at Oxford University from 1935 to 1962. He studied tissue inflammation and mucosal secretions, and succeeded in isolating lysozyme, discovered by A. Fleming. In 1939, together with his colleague E. Cheyne, he succeeded in isolating and purifying penicillin, also discovered by Fleming. Penicillin was subsequently mass-produced, saving many lives during World War II. For this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 along with Fleming and Cheyne.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1910.6.19. イリノイ,スターリング
[没]1985.9.9. カリフォルニア
アメリカの物理化学者。 1934年オハイオ州立大学で学位を取得したのち,デュポン社,スタンダード石油会社などの研究所で合成繊維,合成ゴムなどの商業的に大成功を収めた重合体 (高分子物質) を研究・開発。コーネル大学教授 (1948) ,メロン研究所所長 (56) ,スタンフォード大学教授 (61) 。さらに,塊状および溶液状態にある高分子の物理的な研究,高分子の生成過程の研究など,非常に広範囲にわたって基礎的な研究を行なった。また高分子の化学構造と物理的性質を知るためには,分子の大きさと形を知る必要があることを示し,その方法の1つとして,高分子溶液の粘性から分子量と広がりを割出す「フローリーの式」などを考案した。今日のプラスチック全盛時代の生みの親の1人であり,74年ノーベル化学賞を受賞した。

フローリー
Florey, Howard Walter

[生]1898.9.24. アデレード
[没]1968.2.21. オックスフォード
オーストラリアの病理学者。アデレード,オックスフォード両大学で学び,1935~62年,オックスフォード大学病理学教授。組織の炎症や粘膜の分泌物を研究し,A.フレミングが発見したリゾチームの分離に成功。さらに 39年,やはりフレミングが発見したペニシリンの分離と精製に,同僚の E.チェーンとともに成功した。ペニシリンはその後大量生産され,第2次世界大戦中に多くの人命を救った。その功績によりフレミング,チェーンとともに 45年,ノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。

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