This dish is made by placing large chunks of game or poultry meat on a baking sheet and steaming it over a hotplate. It is served as the main course of a formal dinner. The cooking process itself may seem simple, but the skill required to cook it requires careful consideration of the quality of the meat, as it is cooked as is. There are two ways to make this dish: either roasting the meat directly over a hotplate, or placing tough meat in a thick pan and cooking it in an airtight container. (1) British-style roast beef Prepare a 1-kilogram chunk of high-quality sirloin or rib-eye, remove any tendons around the meat, and rub salt and pepper into the meat with both hands. If the meat is not very fatty, place thin slices of beef fat on top and tie it with string to keep it from losing its shape. Coat a baking sheet with lard, place the meat on it, and cook over high heat (235°C) for about 20 minutes. During this time, pour the fat that has flowed onto the baking sheet over the meat twice. When the meat is golden brown, reduce the temperature to about 190°C, place roughly chopped vegetables under the meat, and cook for another 15 minutes. Pour the heated bouillon into the baking tray from the side, cook for 10 minutes, and then turn off the heat. The cooking temperature should be around 150-160°C. Transfer the cooked meat to a separate dish, scrape off the vegetables and cooking liquid from the baking tray, add the stock, bring to a boil, and strain to make gravy. (2) Pot roast Season the beef (plate meat or belly meat cut into strips) with salt and pepper, and wrap it around with string. Coat the meat with flour, heat lard in a frying pan, and fry until golden brown on all sides. Place the meat in a pot with a lid (large enough to leave a gap of about 1 cm larger than the meat) and simmer over low heat for 3 to 3.5 hours. Tough meat is boiled for about three hours, during which the connective tissue hydrolyzes and the collagen becomes sticky and glue-like. The internal temperature of the meat reaches about 99°C, and the meat becomes tender enough to tear apart easily with a fork. About a tablespoon of clear, liquid fat appears at the bottom of the pot. The gelatin in the meat becomes gelatinized and turns a beautiful caramel color. Remove the meat, add water to the pot, bring to a boil, and season with salt and pepper to make gravy. This cooking method uses the moisture contained in the meat itself without adding any liquid, and is a dish that can be easily made on the stove in winter. [Fumiko Kobayashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鳥獣肉類を大きな塊のまま天板にのせ、天火で蒸し焼きにした料理。正餐(せいさん)の主要コースに供される。調理そのものは単純にみえるが、焼き方には技術を要し、肉をそのまま焼くので肉質を十分吟味することがたいせつである。作り方には、肉をそのまま天火で焼く方法と、固い肉などを厚手の鍋(なべ)に入れ、密閉した中で焼く方法がある。(1)ローストビーフ英国風 肉は上質のサーロイン、リブロースなどを1キログラムの塊で用意し、周りの筋(すじ)をとり、塩、こしょうを両手で肉にこすり込む。肉の状態をみて脂肪の少ないときは、牛脂の薄切りを上部に並べ、形がくずれないようにたこ糸で結ぶ。天板にラードを塗り、肉をのせて強火(235℃)の天火で20分くらい焼く。この間2回ほど天板に流れ出る脂を肉にかける。全体が黄金色になったところで温度を190℃くらいに下げ、肉の下に荒く切った野菜を入れて、さらに15分ほど焼く。そこへ温めたブイヨンをわきから天板に流し込み、そのまま10分焼いて火を止める。このときの加熱温度は150~160℃くらいがよい。焼けた肉は別器にとり、天板の野菜類や焼き汁をこそげとり、だし汁を加えてひと煮立ちさせて漉(こ)し、グレービーソースとする。(2)ポットロースト 牛肉(プレート肉または腹部の細長い形に切った肉)に塩、こしょうをして、たこ糸で周りを一巻きする。小麦粉を肉全体にまぶし、フライパンにラードを熱し、全面を黄金色に炒(いた)める。厚手の蓋(ふた)付き鍋(肉の大きさより1センチメートルくらい周囲にすきまのある大きさ)に肉をのせ、弱火で3時間~3時間半煮る。固い肉は3時間くらい煮ている間に結締組織が加水分解して、コラーゲンが粘着性になり膠(にかわ)状になる。肉の内部温度は99℃くらいで、肉質はフォークで楽に裂くことができるほど柔らかくなる。鍋底には澄んだ液状の脂が大さじ1杯くらい出る。肉の膠質はゼラチン化し、カラメル色の美しい色になる。肉を取り出し、鍋に水を加えて煮立て、塩、こしょうで調味してグレービーソースとする。液体を加えないで、肉それ自身が含んでいる水分を利用した調理法で、冬季などストーブの上で十分できる料理である。 [小林文子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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