...In this case, the individual being helped must be closely related to the altruist. Another explanation is that altruistic behavior is based on the expectation that by serving another individual now, it will be reciprocated in the future (in humans, this is a psychological expectation or social contract; in animals, this behavior is so frequent that it is genetically embedded). This is called reciprocal altruism. The warning calls made by birds in flocks are thought to be an example of this. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "reciprocal altruism" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この場合には,助けられる個体は利他者と血縁の濃い個体でなければならない。もう一つの説明は,いま他個体に奉仕することで将来そのお返しを受けるという期待(人間では心理的期待や社会的契約,動物では頻度が高いので遺伝に組みこまれた行動)のうえになされる利他的行動で,これを相互利他性reciprocal altruismと呼ぶ。鳥の群れにおける警戒の発声などはこの例ではないかと考えられている。… ※「reciprocal altruism」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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