Brake (English)

Japanese: ブレーキ(英語表記)brake
Brake (English)
Braking device. A device used to stop, slow, or regulate the motion of machinery, converting kinetic energy into heat energy or other energy to dissipate it. Generally, friction brakes are used that utilize the friction between solids, but there are also electric brakes (electrical regenerative brakes, power regenerative brakes) that convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. The basic structure of a friction brake is composed of an operating part (friction generating part) consisting of a brake wheel and a brake shoe, and an operating part that presses the brake shoe. Specifically, there are the following types: (1) block brakes that press the brake shoe against the outer periphery of the brake wheel, (2) band brakes that wrap a steel or leather band around the outer periphery of the brake wheel, (3) axial pressure brakes (disc brakes) that press the brake shoe against the side of the brake wheel (in the axial direction), (4) load brakes that use the weight of the load, and (5) centrifugal (force) brakes that use the centrifugal force of the rotating part. The force that presses the brake shoe can be human power, weights, springs, compressed air, hydraulics, or other sources. Brake materials are selected that have a high coefficient of friction, are highly wear-resistant, and have good thermal conductivity. Usually, special cast iron or cast steel is used for brake wheels, and brake shoes are often made of cast steel with semi-metallic or inorganic friction material attached (brake linings, brake pads).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
制動装置。機械類の運動を停止または抑制・調速するのに用いる装置で,運動のエネルギーを熱エネルギーその他に変換して消失させる。一般には,固体間の摩擦力を利用した摩擦ブレーキを使用するが,運動エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変える電気ブレーキ (発電ブレーキ,電力回生ブレーキ) もある。摩擦ブレーキの基本構造は,ブレーキ輪とブレーキシューから成る作動部 (摩擦発生部) と,ブレーキシューを押しつける操作部から構成され,具体的には次のような形式がある。 (1) ブレーキ輪外周にブレーキシューを押しつけるブロックブレーキ,(2) 鋼帯や皮帯をブレーキ輪外周に巻きつけるバンドブレーキ,(3) ブレーキ輪の側面にブレーキシューを (軸方向に) 押す軸圧ブレーキ (ディスクブレーキ) ,(4) 荷物の重量を利用する荷重ブレーキ,(5) 回転部の遠心力を用いる遠心 (力) ブレーキなど。ブレーキシューを押しつける力には,人力,おもり,ばね,圧縮空気,油圧その他が利用される。ブレーキ材料には,摩擦係数が大きくて耐摩耗性に富み,熱伝導のよいものが選ばれる。通常,ブレーキ輪には特殊鋳鉄や鋳鋼が,またブレーキシューは鋳綱にセミメタリック系や無機材料系材料の摩擦材を貼付けたもの (ブレーキライニング,ブレーキパッド) が多く用いられる。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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