...Generally, it refers to the systematic conversion of information from its original form to another form in order to process, transmit, and record information effectively and efficiently. For example, (1) conversion of characters, symbols, numbers, etc. into computer internal representations (computer code) (see the entries for "representation of numbers" and "character code"); (2) "data compression" to remove redundancy contained in various real-world information representations (data) such as images, sounds, and text, and to eliminate waste in their processing and transmission (see the entries for "information theory" and "data compression"); (3) "error correction coding" to correct errors that occur in various processes that handle information, especially in various communication systems, computer memory devices, video and audio recording systems, etc., and to enable more accurate communication; (4) "encryption" to protect information safely by preventing eavesdropping or tampering by others, hacker attacks, and the intrusion of computer viruses (see the entries for "information security" and "cryptography"). The form that is usually obtained by encoding is a string of symbols, the whole of which is called a "code," and the process of returning it to its original form and restoring or reproducing the information is called "decoding." *Some of the terminology that refers to "error correction coding" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…一般には,情報の処理,伝達,記録を有効かつ効率的に行うために,その本来の形態から別の形態へ規則的に変換することをいう。たとえば,(1)文字,記号,数字等のコンピューター内部表現(コンピューターコード)への変換(〈数の表現〉〈文字コード〉の項を参照のこと),(2)画像,音声,文章等,現実のさまざまな情報の表現(データ)に含まれる冗長度を除去し,これらの処理・伝達における無駄を省くための〈データ圧縮〉(〈情報理論〉〈データ圧縮〉の項を参照のこと),(3)情報を扱うさまざまの過程,特に,各種の通信系,計算機の記憶装置,映像・音響記録系等で生ずる誤りを訂正し,より正確な通信を可能とするための〈誤り訂正符号化〉,(4)他者による盗聴や改竄,ハッカーの攻撃やコンピューターウイルスの侵入等を防ぎ,情報を安全に保護するための〈暗号化〉(〈情報セキュリティ〉〈暗号〉の項を参照のこと)等である。ふつう符号化により得られる形態は記号列であるが,それらの全体を〈符号〉といい,本来の形態に戻し,情報を復元・再現することを〈復号〉という。… ※「誤り訂正符号化」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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