...A little before this, a completely new game, four-ball, had been played in America, and was popular around 1860, but as equipment and techniques improved, the mainstream shifted to more advanced three-ball games. Players began to use advanced techniques, such as the so-called American Serie, in which the player scores consecutive points by keeping the ball along a cushion (a rubber ball attached to the inside of the outer frame) without scattering it. To regulate this, players came up with the balkline game, which limits the number of times a player can hit a ball within a frame drawn on the table by drawing a line a certain distance from the cushion, three-cushion billiards, in which the cue ball must hit the cushion three or more times before hitting the target ball to score, as well as the American-style pocket game and the snooker game, which uses 22 balls and is popular mainly in the UK. As of 1997, the world organization for billiards is the World Confederation of Billiard Sports (WCBS), which was established in 1992 by three organizations: the Union Mondiale de Billiard (UMB) for the carom game, the World Pool Association (WPA) for the pocket game, and the World Snooker Federation (WSF). Each organization holds a world championship every year. *Some of the terminology that mentions "three-cushion billiards" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これより少し前にアメリカでは,まったく新しいゲームである四つ球ゲームが行われるようになり,1860年ころには盛んに行われたが,設備や技術の発達にともない,主流は高度な三つ球ゲームへ移っていった。ボールを散らさずクッション(外枠の内側にとりつけたゴム)に沿わせ連続得点を重ねていく,いわゆるアメリカン・セリーなど,高度な技術を駆使する選手が現れ,これを規制するためクッションから一定の距離に線を引いてテーブルの上に枠をつくり,その枠内での突き数を制限するボークラインゲームbalkline gameや,手球が的球に当たるまでに,3回以上クッションに当たらなければ得点にならないスリークッションゲームthree-cushion billiards,それにアメリカ式のポケットゲーム,イギリスを中心に盛んな22個のボールを使用するスヌーカーゲームsnooker gameなどが案出された。 1997年現在,ビリヤードの世界組織は,キャロムゲームの世界ビリヤード連合Union Mondiale de Billiard(UMB),ポケットゲームの世界プール協会World Pool Association(WPA),そして世界スヌーカー連合World Snooker Federation(WSF)の三つの団体により92年に設立された世界ビリヤード・スポーツ連合World Confederation of Billiard Sports(WCBS)によって統括されており,それぞれの組織において毎年世界選手権大会が開催されている。… ※「three-cushion billiards」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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