Wolffian duct

Japanese: ウォルフ管 - うぉるふかん(英語表記)Wolffian duct
Wolffian duct

It is an excretory duct from the mesonephros, also called the mesonephros duct. In the development of the kidney in vertebrates, the pronephros is formed first, followed by the pronephros duct, which develops and connects to the cloaca. When the pronephros degenerates and the mesonephros is formed, the pronephros duct connects to the mesonephros and becomes the Wolffian duct. In fish and amphibians, the mesonephros functions as a kidney even in adults. Therefore, the Wolffian duct also functions as a urinary tract (ureter) from the mesonephros, and in males, it also connects to the testes and becomes the vas deferens. In male reptiles, birds, and mammals, the mesonephros becomes the epididymis, and the Wolffian duct functions only as the vas deferens. In females, the Wolffian duct also degenerates as the mesonephros degenerates. However, vestigial Wolffian ducts can be observed in adult birds and mammals. The Müllerian duct, which becomes the oviduct in females (but is absent in some fishes), is closely related to the Wolffian duct, which develops from anterior to posterior in parallel with it and also reaches the cloaca, but in males it eventually degenerates. The Wolffian duct is named after the German anatomist C. F. Wolf, who first discovered and described it in avian embryos (1759).

[Sadao Yasugi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中腎(ちゅうじん)からの排出管で、中腎輸管ともいう。脊椎(せきつい)動物の腎臓の発生においては、まず前腎が形成され、それに伴って前腎輸管が生じて総排出腔(こう)につながるが、前腎が退化して中腎が形成されると、前腎輸管は中腎とつながってウォルフ管となる。魚類や両生類では成体でも中腎が腎臓として働く。このためウォルフ管も中腎からの尿路(輸尿管)として機能し、また雄では精巣とも連絡して輸精管にもなる。爬虫(はちゅう)類、鳥類、哺乳(ほにゅう)類の雄では中腎は副精巣となり、ウォルフ管は輸精管としてのみ働く。雌では中腎の退化とともにウォルフ管も退化する。ただし、鳥類や哺乳類の成体ではウォルフ管が痕跡(こんせき)的に観察されることがある。雌で輸卵管となるミュラー管(魚類のあるものには認められない)はウォルフ管と密接な関係があり、前方から後方に向かってウォルフ管と平行して形成され、やはり総排出腔に達するが、雄ではやがて退化する。ウォルフ管という呼称は、鳥類胚(はい)においてこれを発見し初めて記載した(1759)ドイツの解剖学者C・F・ウォルフにちなむ。

[八杉貞雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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