Abbey of Fulda

One of the oldest Benedictine monasteries in Germany. Founded in 744 by Sturmius, a disciple of Boniface, the "Apostle to the Germanic Peoples." It played an important role in the Christianization of Germany, and reached its heyday under Rabanus Maurus in the 9th century, when arts and learning flourished, making it a center of medieval Christian culture. In the 10th century, the abbot held the highest position among the monasteries of the order in Germany and France, and in the 12th century, he became a prince of the empire. However, it fell into complete decline at the end of the Middle Ages, and after the turmoil of the Protestant Reformation and the Thirty Years' War, it was not until the 18th century that academic activity was revived and the abbot was elevated to bishopric (1752). It came under secular control for a time (1802), but a bishopric was once again established there (1821).

[Masatoshi Ogasawara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツ最古のベネディクト会修道院の一つ。「ゲルマン人への使徒」ボニファティウスの弟子ストゥルミウスによって創設された（744）。ドイツのキリスト教化に重要な役割を果たし、9世紀ラバヌス・マウルスのもとで全盛期を迎え、芸術、学問が栄え、中世キリスト教文化の中心地となる。10世紀、修道院長はドイツ、フランスの同会修道院の首位を占め、12世紀、帝国の諸侯となった。しかし中世末期にはまったく衰退し、宗教改革、三十年戦争の動乱を経て、ようやく18世紀にいたって学問的活動が復興し、また修道院長は司教に昇格した（1752）。一時、世俗の支配になったが（1802）、ふたたび司教座が設置された（1821）。

［小笠原政敏］

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