Bourges

Japanese: ブールジュ(英語表記)Bourges
Bourges
The capital of the Cher department in central France. It faces the Berry Canal, a tributary of the Loire River, in the middle reaches of the Cher River. It developed around the Cathedral of Saint-Etienne (→ Bourges Cathedral), which is highly regarded as a Gothic building. It was conquered by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, Christianized in the 3rd century, and later became the capital of Aquitania under Charles I (the Great). During the Hundred Years' War, it was the residence of Charles VII from 1422 to 1437, and became a base of resistance against England. In 1463, Louis XI founded a university, but it was abolished during the French Revolution. In the early modern period, it developed further with the opening of the Berry Canal in 1839 and the construction of a railway, and today industries such as steel, weapons, machinery, tire manufacturing, and food are carried out. There is also a thriving trade in sheep, cattle, grain, wine, etc. Famous buildings include the Jacques Coeur House (15th century) and the Old Archbishop's Palace (17th century). Population: 71,000 (2005 estimate).

Bourges
Bourges, Élémir

Born: March 26, 1852 in Manosque
Died November 13, 1925. Paris. French novelist. Heavily influenced by Wagner, he did not belong to any literary group, except for his contact with Mallarmé, and his creative work was unrelated to the naturalistic literature of his time. His works include Le Crépuscule des dieux (1884), which depicts the downfall of a German aristocrat, Sous la hache (83), Les Oiseaux s'envolent et les fleurs tombent (93), and La Nef (1904, 22), a masterpiece about the myth of Prometheus.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
フランス中部,シェール県の県都。ロアール川支流,シェール川中流部のベリー運河に臨む。ゴシック建築として高く評価される聖エティエンヌ大聖堂(→ブールジュ大聖堂)を中心に発展。前52年ユリウス・カエサルにより征服され,3世紀にキリスト教に教化され,のちにカルル1世(大帝)によりアキタニアの首都となった。百年戦争下の 1422~37年にはシャルル7世の居城が置かれ,イングランドに対する抵抗の拠点となった。1463年にはルイ11世が大学を創設したが,この大学はフランス革命期に廃止された。近世に入り,1839年のベリー運河の開通,鉄道敷設に伴ってさらに発展し,今日では製鉄,兵器,機械,タイヤ製造,食品などの工業が行なわれる。ヒツジ,ウシ,穀物,ワインなどの取り引きも盛ん。ジャック・クールの館(15世紀)や旧大司教館(17世紀)などの有名な建築がある。人口 7万1000(2005推計)。

ブールジュ
Bourges, Élémir

[生]1852.3.26. マノスク
[没]1925.11.13. パリ
フランスの小説家。ワーグナーの影響を強く受け,マラルメと接した以外,いかなる文学上のグループにも属さず,当時の自然主義文学とは無縁の創作活動をした。ドイツの一貴族の没落を描いた『神々のたそがれ』 Le Crépuscule des dieux (1884) をはじめ,『斧の下』 Sous la hache (83) ,『鳥は飛立ち花は散る』 Les Oiseaux s'envolent et les fleurs tombent (93) ,プロメテウス神話を扱った大作『舟』 La Nef (1904,22) など。

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