The capital of the Cher department in central France. It faces the Berry Canal, a tributary of the Loire River, in the middle reaches of the Cher River. It developed around the Cathedral of Saint-Etienne (→ Bourges Cathedral), which is highly regarded as a Gothic building. It was conquered by Julius Caesar in 52 BC, Christianized in the 3rd century, and later became the capital of Aquitania under Charles I (the Great). During the Hundred Years' War, it was the residence of Charles VII from 1422 to 1437, and became a base of resistance against England. In 1463, Louis XI founded a university, but it was abolished during the French Revolution. In the early modern period, it developed further with the opening of the Berry Canal in 1839 and the construction of a railway, and today industries such as steel, weapons, machinery, tire manufacturing, and food are carried out. There is also a thriving trade in sheep, cattle, grain, wine, etc. Famous buildings include the Jacques Coeur House (15th century) and the Old Archbishop's Palace (17th century). Population: 71,000 (2005 estimate). Bourges |
フランス中部,シェール県の県都。ロアール川支流,シェール川中流部のベリー運河に臨む。ゴシック建築として高く評価される聖エティエンヌ大聖堂(→ブールジュ大聖堂)を中心に発展。前52年ユリウス・カエサルにより征服され,3世紀にキリスト教に教化され,のちにカルル1世(大帝)によりアキタニアの首都となった。百年戦争下の 1422~37年にはシャルル7世の居城が置かれ,イングランドに対する抵抗の拠点となった。1463年にはルイ11世が大学を創設したが,この大学はフランス革命期に廃止された。近世に入り,1839年のベリー運河の開通,鉄道敷設に伴ってさらに発展し,今日では製鉄,兵器,機械,タイヤ製造,食品などの工業が行なわれる。ヒツジ,ウシ,穀物,ワインなどの取り引きも盛ん。ジャック・クールの館(15世紀)や旧大司教館(17世紀)などの有名な建築がある。人口 7万1000(2005推計)。
ブールジュ
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