Bourgeoisie (English spelling) bourgeoisie French

Japanese: ブルジョアジー - ぶるじょあじー(英語表記)bourgeoisie フランス語
Bourgeoisie (English spelling) bourgeoisie French

The capitalist class in capitalist society. In France, the city merchants and industrialists of the Middle Ages were called bourgeois (French), and by the end of the Middle Ages, they had developed their businesses and lives, paving the way for capitalist production. Furthermore, some of the upper peasants developed rural industries and joined the movement towards capitalism. In this way, modern capitalists were formed. And it was through the city merchants and industrialists and these capitalists that the bourgeois revolution was achieved, and capitalist society was created.

In capitalist society, the bourgeoisie and the wage laborers employed by them constitute the basic classes. Marx grasped this situation and defined the essence of society as the opposition between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat (the working class). Since then, the bourgeoisie has come to refer to the capitalists as a class.

[Kunio Motoshima]

"Class Theory Today: Britain and Japan" by J. Scott, J. Westergaard, Masao Watanabe and Saiichi Miyazaki, translated by Keiko Watanabe (1998, Aoki Shoten)" " The Communist Manifesto by K. Marx and F. Engels, translated by Hyoe Ouchi and Itsuro Mukaizaka (Iwanami Bunko)"

[References] | Capitalist class | Bourgeois revolution | Working class

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

資本主義社会における資本家階級。フランスにおける中世以来の都市商工業者たる市民をブルジョアbourgeois(フランス語)というが、彼らは中世も末期になると、その営業と生活を発展させ、資本主義的な生産に道を開いた。さらに上層農民の一部も農村工業を発展させ、資本主義への流れに合流する。こうして近代的資本家が形成される。そして都市商工業者とこの資本家の手によってブルジョア革命が達成され、資本主義社会がつくりあげられる。

 資本主義社会では、ブルジョアと彼らに雇われた賃金労働者とが、基本的な階級を構成する。マルクスはこの事態をとらえて、ブルジョアジーとプロレタリアート(労働者階級)の対抗として社会の本質を規定した。それ以来、ブルジョアジーとは階級としての資本家をさすようになった。

[元島邦夫]

『J・スコット、J・ウェスターガード、渡辺雅男・宮崎犀一著、渡辺景子訳『階級論の現在――イギリスと日本』(1998・青木書店)』『K・マルクス、F・エンゲルス著、大内兵衛・向坂逸郎訳『共産党宣言』(岩波文庫)』

[参照項目] | 資本家階級 | ブルジョア革命 | 労働者階級

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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