A general term for the genus Primula, Primulaceae (APG classification: Primulaceae). There are about 500 species in the cold zone or mountainous areas of the Northern Hemisphere, and about 20 species, including Primula japonica and Primula japonica, are distributed in Japan. Generally, when people say Primula, they are referring to the non-native species. In recent years, the species that are often cultivated are P. polyantha Mill, P. malacoides Franch., and P. obconica Hance. Polyantha is a hybrid of several species native to Europe. The leaves are spatula-shaped, the flowers are large, and the flowers come in a variety of colors, including red, pink, yellow, blue, and white. Malacoides is also called Maiden Cherry, and is native to Yunnan Province, China. The stems, leaves, and flower buds are covered with white powder, and the leaves are stalk-shaped, oblong, and covered with hairs. From winter to early spring, it produces several thin flower stalks with cherry blossom-like flowers in red, pink, and white arranged in several tiers. Obconica is also called Tokiwazakura and is native to western China. The leaves are stalked and heart-shaped. It has a long flowering period, and relatively large flowers in red, pink, orange, blue, and white bloom in clusters at the ends of many flower stalks. The hairs contain primin and can cause a rash. In addition to these, there is a dwarf variety called P. juriana hybrid. There are also several species that are rarely cultivated, such as P. sinensis Lindl., which has maple-like leaves, and P. kewensis W.Wats., which has yellow flowers. Both are treated as greenhouse flowers. They are sown from May to July, but because the seeds are tiny, they are vulnerable to the summer heat and require skill to cultivate. In summer, they are grown under a well-ventilated shade, then moved into pots as they grow, and in autumn they are brought into the greenhouse to bloom. Along with cyclamen, they are a popular type of winter potted flower. [Akio Ito March 22, 2021] Cultural historyPrimula means first in Latin, and is named after the flower's habit of blooming first in spring. The English name primrose was formed from primula through primerole. In Germany, it is called Schüsselblume, or key flower, because the inflorescence resembles a set of keys, and there is a folk tale that the flower opens the door to hidden treasure. Only yellow-flowered Primula veris L. (yellow-flowered Primula veris) grew wild in England, but at the beginning of the 17th century, the purple-flowered P. vulgaris L. (one-leaf cherry) was introduced from Turkey, and efforts to improve the flower color began. [Hiroshi Yuasa March 22, 2021] [Reference] | |In Japan, invasive species of the Primula genus are often called Primula. There are many varieties and the flower colors vary . Primula Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
サクラソウ科(APG分類:サクラソウ科)サクラソウ属の総称。北半球の寒帯または山地に約500種あり、日本にサクラソウ、クリンソウなど約20種分布する。一般にプリムラというとき、このうち外来種をさす場合が多い。近年よく栽培されるのは、ポリアンサP. polyantha Mill、マラコイデスP. malacoides Franch.、オブコニカP. obconica Hanceなどである。ポリアンサはヨーロッパ原産の数種が交雑されてできあがったものである。葉はへら状で、花は大きく、花色は赤、桃、黄、青、白色など豊富である。マラコイデスはオトメザクラともいい、中国雲南省原産。茎葉や花蕾(からい)などに白粉をつけ、葉は有柄で長楕円(ちょうだえん)形、毛茸(もうじ)に覆われる。冬から初春、細い花茎を数本出し、赤、桃、白色などのサクラに似た花を散形状に数段つける。オブコニカはトキワザクラともいい、中国西部原産。葉は有柄で心臓形。開花期は長く、多くの花茎の先端に赤、桃、橙(だいだい)、青、白色などの、わりあい大きな花を球状に集めて開く。毛茸にプリミンを含み、かぶれることがある。これらのほか、矮性(わいせい)のものとしてジュリアンP. juriana hybridがある。また、まれに栽培されるものとして、カエデ状の葉をつけるシネンシスP. sinensis Lindl.や、黄色の花をつけるキューエンシスP. kewensis W.Wats.など数種がある。 いずれも温室草花として取り扱う。5~7月に播種(はしゅ)するが、種子が微細なので、夏の暑さに弱く、栽培には技術を要する。夏は風通しのよい日よけ下で育て、生育に応じて鉢にあげ、秋は温室に取り込んで開花させる。冬の鉢花としては、シクラメンとともに代表的な種類である。 [伊藤秋夫 2021年3月22日] 文化史プリムラはラテン語で最初を意味し、春いちばんに咲くこの花の習性にちなむ。英名のプリムローズprimroseは、プリムラprimulaからプリムロールprimeroleを経て成立した。ドイツでは花序が鍵(かぎ)束に似ていることから、鍵の花Schüsselblumeとよばれ、隠された財宝のドアをその花が開けるとする民話が伝わっている。イギリスにはプリムラ・ベリスPrimula veris L.(キバナノクリンザクラ)のような黄花種しか自生していなかったが、17世紀の初めに紫花のブルガリスP. vulgaris L.(イチゲコザクラ)がトルコから伝わり、花色の改良が始められた。 [湯浅浩史 2021年3月22日] [参照項目] | |日本では、サクラソウ属のうちの外来種をプリムラという場合が多い。品種も多く、花色もさまざまである©Shogakukan"> プリムラ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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