Hadamard, Jacques-Salomon

Japanese: アダマール(英語表記)Hadamard, Jacques-Salomon
Hadamard, Jacques-Salomon
Born: December 8, 1865, Versailles
[Died] October 17, 1963. French mathematician from Paris. After graduating from the Ecole Normale Supérieure (Higher Normal School) in Paris (1888), he was a teacher at the Lycée de Paris (1990-93), a lecturer at the Bordeaux Science University (1993-97), a lecturer at the University of Paris (1997), a professor at the University of Paris (1900), a professor at the Collège de France (1897-1935), a professor at the Ecole Polytechnique (1912-1935), and a professor at the Central School of Art and Design (1920-1935). He fled to the United States during World War II. He was interested in all areas of mathematics. His 70th Birthday Collection (35) contains 280 papers and is divided into seven parts: analytic functions, number theory, theory of real functions, theory of differential equations, calculus of variations and functional analysis, geometry, and fluid mechanics. Among his most important works are his complete proof of the Prime Number Theorem in 1895 and his work on Cauchy's problem in partial differential equations (→initial value problem). In particular, his introduction of the concept of finite parts of divergent integrals was a precursor to L. Schwartz's theory of generalized functions. He was a distant relative of A. Dreyfus. Politically, he was a revolutionary. In 1950, the US government was reluctant to issue him a visa to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians held at Harvard University because he was a Communist.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1865.12.8. ベルサイユ
[没]1963.10.17. パリ
フランスの数学者。パリのエコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール (高等師範学校) 卒業 (1888) 後,パリのリセの教師 (90~93) ,ボルドーの理科大学講師 (93~97) ,パリ大学講師 (97) ,同教授 (1900) ,コレージュ・ド・フランス教授 (1897~1935) ,エコール・ポリテクニク教授 (12~35) ,中央工芸学校教授 (20~35) 。第2次世界大戦中はアメリカに亡命。数学のすべての領域に関心をもつ。 70歳記念論文集 (35) は 280編の論文を収め,解析関数,数論,実関数論,微分方程式論,変分法および関数解析,幾何学,流体力学の7部に分けられている。なかでも重要なのは,1895年の素数定理の完全な証明,および偏微分方程式におけるコーシーの問題 (→初期値問題 ) の研究である。特に発散積分の有限部分の概念の導入は,L.シュワルツの超関数の理論の先駆となった。 A.ドレフュスの遠縁の親戚。政治的には革新的。 1950年にハーバード大学で開かれた国際数学者会議の際,彼が共産主義者であるという理由で,アメリカ政府がビザの発行を渋ったことがある。

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