A leader of the women's movement who sparked the American women's liberation movement. She was Jewish, studied psychology at the University of California Graduate School, and became a labor reporter in New York, but quit when she gave birth to her second child. She wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963, Japanese title: The Creation of a New Woman), analyzing the social pressure to mold women into housewives after World War II, which became a bestseller and sparked the women's liberation movement in various places. In 1966, she founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) and served as its president until 1970, and was a leader in the 1970 National Women's Strike for Equality. In 1971, she founded the National Women's Political Congress, and from 1972 onwards, she served as a visiting professor at several universities, and in 1980 (Showa 55) she visited Japan and gave lectures. She also wrote The Second Stage (1981), in which she argued for the importance of fighting alongside men to achieve true gender equality and criticized militant activists. She spent the next ten years researching aging from various angles, publishing The Fountain of Age (1993), in which she argued that it is a mistake to be obsessed with youth and be caught up in the myths of aging, that aging and decline are different, and that we should focus on growth and development in old age. She also published Life So Far (2000), a collection of her memories. [Takako Shirai] "The Creation of the New Woman, Expanded Edition, translated by Miura Fumiko (1977/Revised Edition, 2004, Yamato Shobo)" ▽ "Toward a New Century for Women: A Record of the American Women's Movement, Vol. 1, by Betty Friedan, translated by Atsumi Ikuko (1979, Japan Publishers)" ▽ "The Structure of the Family, edited by the International Society for Women's Studies (1981, PHP Institute)" ▽ "The Second Stage, translated by Shimomura Mitsuko (1984, Shueisha)" ▽ "The Fountain of Old Age, Vols. 1 and 2, translated by Yamamoto Hiroko and Terasawa Emiko (1995, Nishimura Shoten)" ▽ "Beyond Gender: A New Politics of Work and Family, edited by Brigid O'Fare, translated by the Women's Labor Issues Study Group, Labor and Welfare Division (2003, Aoki Shoten)" ▽ "Life So Far (2000, Simon & Schuster, New York)" [References] | Movement|Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカのウーマン・リブの運動に火をつけた女性運動の指導者。ユダヤ系で、カリフォルニア大学の大学院で心理学を学び、ニューヨークで労働問題に関する記者となったが2人目の子供の出産で退職。第二次世界大戦後の、女性を家庭の主婦という型にはめようとする社会的圧力を分析して『女らしさの神話』The Feminine Mystique(1963。邦題『新しい女性の創造』)を書き、これがベストセラーとなって各地で女性解放運動が起こった。1966年に全米女性機構NOW(National Organization for Women)をつくり1970年まで会長、1970年の「平等を目ざす全米女性のストライキ」にはその指導者となった。1971年に全米女性政治会議を設立、1972年以後いくつかの大学の客員教授などを務め、1980年(昭和55)には来日し講演などを行った。また『セカンド・ステージ』The Second Stage(1981)を著し、真の男女平等を獲得するために男性とともに闘うことの重要性を主張、戦闘的な運動家たちを批判した。その後10年をかけて多角的に老いの研究を進め『老いの泉』The Fountain of Age(1993)を刊行し、老いの神話にとらわれて若さに執着することの誤り、老いと衰えは異なること、老年期の成長と発展に目を向けようと提言した。彼女の思い出をつづった『これまでの人生』Life So Far(2000)も出版された。 [白井尭子] 『三浦冨美子訳『増補 新しい女性の創造』(1977/改訂版・2004・大和書房)』▽『ベティ・フリーダン著、渥美育子訳『女の新世紀へ アメリカ女性運動の記録』上(1979・ジャパン・パブリッシャーズ)』▽『国際女性学会編『家庭の構造』(1981・PHP研究所)』▽『下村満子訳『セカンド・ステージ』(1984・集英社)』▽『山本博子・寺沢恵美子訳『老いの泉』上下(1995・西村書店)』▽『ブリジッド・オファレ編、女性労働問題研究会・労働と福祉部会訳『ビヨンド・ジェンダー――仕事と家族の新しい政治学』(2003・青木書店)』▽『Life So Far(2000, Simon & Schuster, New York)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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