Guangfukai - Guangfukai

Japanese: 光復会 - こうふくかい
Guangfukai - Guangfukai

A revolutionary group in the late Qing Dynasty in China. It was officially founded in Shanghai in the winter of 1904. Its chairman was Cai Yuanpei. While the Xingzhonghui was based in Guangdong and the Huaxinghui in Hunan, the Guangfu Hui was based in Zhejiang Province. In 1905, the three factions united to form the China Tongminghui in Tokyo, with Sun Yat-sen as its prime minister. However, some members of the Guangfu Hui were opposed to the merger and continued to maintain their independence. This was partly due to the nationalistic and restorationist personality of Zhang Binglin, the faction's theoretical leader. For this reason, in 1910, Tao Chengzhang went to Nanyang and reorganized the Guangfu Association, appointing Zhang Binglin, who was based in Tokyo, as chairman. At the same time, he also created a secret military organization called the Guangfu Army. During the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the Guangfu Army was active in Shantou, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and other places. However, after Tao Chengzhang was assassinated in 1912, the Guangfu Association was essentially disbanded.

[Kurahashi Masanao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、清(しん)末の革命団体。1904年冬、上海(シャンハイ)で正式に成立した。会長は蔡元培(さいげんばい/ツァイユワンペイ)。興中会の広東(カントン)、華興(かこう)会の湖南(こなん/フーナン)に対し、光復会は浙江(せっこう/チョーチヤン)省を地盤としていた。05年3派は大同団結し、孫文(そんぶん/スンウェン)を総理として東京で中国同盟会を結成した。しかし、光復会の一部会員は合同に不賛成で、以後も独立性を維持した。それには、同派の理論的指導者であった章炳麟(しょうへいりん/チャンピンリン)の国粋主義的、復古主義的な個性が多少影響していた。そのため、10年、陶成章が南洋に赴き、東京にいる章炳麟を会長にして、改めて光復会を組織し直した。また同時に光復軍という秘密の軍事組織もつくった。11年の辛亥(しんがい)革命のとき、光復軍は汕頭(スワトウ)、浙江、上海などで活躍した。しかし12年陶成章が暗殺されると、光復会は事実上解体していった。

[倉橋正直]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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