Born: November 18, 1897, London [Died] July 13, 1974, London. British physicist. After graduating from Cambridge University (1921), he served as a member of the Cavendish Laboratory, a professor at the University of London (33), and a professor at the University of Manchester (37). Known for his research on nuclear decay. He improved Wilson's cloud chamber to study cosmic rays, capturing the decay of stable atomic nuclei in cloud chamber photographs. Although such nuclear decay had been observed before, his experiments were the first to provide a clear explanation. In 1933, he observed the creation and annihilation of electron pairs from cosmic rays, and during World War II, he organized an operations research group to conduct military research. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1948, and was created a baron in 1969. bracketPlease see the "Delivery" page. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1897.11.18. ロンドン [没]1974.7.13. ロンドン イギリスの物理学者。ケンブリッジ大学卒業後 (1921) ,キャベンディッシュ研究所所員,ロンドン大学教授 (33) ,マンチェスター大学教授 (37) などを歴任。原子核崩壊の研究で知られる。ウィルソンの霧箱を改良して宇宙線の研究に取組み,安定原子核の崩壊を霧箱写真でとらえる。このような核崩壊は以前にも観測されていたが,彼の実験で初めて明確な説明が与えられた。 1933年に宇宙線から電子の対生成と対消滅を観察し,また,第2次世界大戦中にはオペレーションズ・リサーチのグループを編成して軍事研究を行なった。 48年ノーベル物理学賞受賞。 69年男爵に叙せられた。 ブラケット「持送り」のページをご覧ください。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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