Mycetophilidae; fungus gnat; mushroom fly

Japanese: キノコバエ（英語表記）Mycetophilidae; fungus gnat; mushroom fly

A general term for insects belonging to the Diptera order, Mycetidae family. Small to medium-sized flies resembling mosquitoes. Body color is black, yellow, brown, red, etc., and some have prominent markings. Body is cylindrical or flattened vertically or horizontally. Head is small, but some have a proboscis-like proboscis. Antennae are long and thread-like. There are two or three ocelli, but some species have none at all. Thorax is rounded and bulging, and the mesonotum lacks a transverse line (the suture between the proscutum and scutum). Wings are either large and well-developed or degenerate and vestigial, and lack a central lobe. Legs are long and slender, with well-developed spurs at the ends of the tibiae. Larvae live in damp places, under sediments, or in the soil, feeding on decaying plant matter and mushrooms, and many species are known as major mushroom pests. Adults often gather in groups in forests or near mountain streams. There are more than 3,000 known species in the world. There are species of luminous fungus gnats, both as larvae and adults, the most famous of which is the cave-dwelling fungus gnat Arachnocampa luminosa in New Zealand. (→ Diptera )

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

双翅目キノコバエ科に属する昆虫の総称。カに似た小型ないし中型のハエ。体色は黒色，黄色，褐色，赤色などで，顕著な斑紋のあるものもある。体は円筒形，または上下あるいは左右に扁平。頭部は小さいが，吻状に突出するものもある。触角は糸状で長い。単眼は2～3個あるが，まったくない種もある。胸部は丸くふくらみ，中胸背に横線 (前楯板と楯板との間の縫合線) を欠く。翅は大きく発達するものと退化して痕跡的なものとがあり，中室を欠く。肢は細長く，脛節端の距が発達しているのが特徴。幼虫は湿った場所，堆積物の下，土中などにすみ，腐敗植物質やキノコなどを食べ，キノコの大害虫として知られる種も多い。成虫は林内や渓流付近に群れていることが多い。世界に 3000種以上が知られる。幼虫，成虫ともに発光する種があり，特にニュージーランドの洞窟にすむヒカリキノコバエ Arachnocampa luminosaは有名である。 (→双翅類 )

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