Braunschweig - Braunschweig (English spelling)

Japanese: ブラウンシュワイク - ぶらうんしゅわいく(英語表記)Braunschweig
Braunschweig - Braunschweig (English spelling)

It is the capital of the prefecture of Braunschweig in the state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany. Braunschweig was a duchy until 1918, and a republic until 1946, of which the city was its capital. The city has a population of 245,800 (2000). It is located about 40 km north of the Harz Mountains, on the northern edge of the fertile loess plains, and is passed through by the Mittelland Canal. Since the mid-19th century, industry has developed, expanding from agricultural machinery and canned agricultural products to machinery, automobiles, and electronic equipment. In addition to government offices, an industrial university and other schools, the city is also home to cultural facilities such as the Prince Anton Ulrich Museum (paintings), the Natural History Museum, and the Braunschweig Regional Museum. In the 12th century, it became the base of Henry the Lion (c. 1129-11995), and the lion statue (1166) symbolizing the duke himself, his residence, Dankwarderode Castle (12th century), and the magnificent Romanesque cathedral (12th century) built by the duke and containing his tomb, remain, but there are few historical buildings due to damage caused by World War II. The complex streets of the old town are the result of the separate development of seven city districts in the Middle Ages.

[Saito Mitsunori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ北部、ニーダーザクセン州ブラウンシュワイク県の県都。ブラウンシュワイク県は、1918年までは公領、46年までは一共和国をなし、市はその首都であった。市の人口は24万5800(2000)。ハルツ山地の北方約40キロメートル、黄土沃野(よくや)の北縁に位置し、ミッテルラント運河が通じる。19世紀なかば以来工業が発展し、農業機械や農産物缶詰から、機械、自動車、電子機器などに分野を拡大した。官公庁、工業大学その他の学校があるほか、アントン・ウルリヒ公美術館(絵画)、自然博物館、ブラウンシュワイク地方博物館などの文化施設が整備されている。12世紀にハインリヒ獅子(しし)公(1129ころ―95)の本拠地となり、公自身を象徴する獅子像(1166)、居城ダンクワルデローデ城(12世紀)、公が建て、自身の墓のある壮大なロマネスク様式の大聖堂(12世紀)が残されているが、第二次世界大戦の戦災のため、歴史的建築物は少ない。旧市街の街路が複雑なのは、中世に七つの市区が別々に発達したことによる。

[齋藤光格]

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