German physicist and chemist. He lost his parents when he was a child and was taken in by his grandparents. He studied at the University of Berlin. In 1853, he worked to improve instruments for measuring electric current and temperature, and discovered the Wiedemann-Franz law, which states that the ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical conductivity of all metals is equal at the same temperature. This was later theoretically confirmed by the theory of metal electrons. From 1861 to 1863, he published the textbook Die Lehre vom Galvanismus , which contributed greatly to the development of electromagnetism. He also achieved great success in physicochemical research into the osmotic pressure of solutions and the vapor pressure of various salts. After graduating from the universities of Basel, Braunschweig, and Karlsruhe, he became a professor at the University of Leipzig in 1871. He was also an editor of the scientific journal Annalen der Physik und Chemie . [Tomohiro Hyodo] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの物理学者、化学者。幼少年期に父母と死別、祖父母に引き取られた。ベルリン大学に学ぶ。1853年、電流ならびに温度の測定器械の改良に努めて、同一温度ではすべての金属の熱伝導率と電気伝導率の比は等しくなるという、ウィーデマン‐フランツの法則を発見した。これはのちに金属電子論により理論的に跡づけられた。1861~1863年には教科書『ガルバーニ電気学』Die Lehre vom Galvanismusを公刊、電磁気学の発展に貢献した。また溶液の浸透圧、各種の塩の蒸気圧などの物理化学的研究にも多大な成果をあげた。バーゼル、ブラウンシュワイク、カールスルーエの各大学を経て、1871年ライプツィヒ大学教授。科学学術雑誌『Annalen der Physik und Chemie』の編集者でもあった。 [兵藤友博] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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