Even if facts are not stated, a person who openly insults another person may be detained or fined (Article 231 of the Penal Code). It is a type of crime against honor. This crime is a private offense (Article 232 of the Penal Code). There is some dispute over the relationship between this crime and defamation (Article 230 of the Penal Code). The prevailing view and legal precedents interpret both crimes as crimes that harm external honor (social reputation), and distinguish between the two based on whether or not facts are stated. However, there is also a strong argument that defamation is a crime against external honor, while this crime is a crime that harms honor (self-esteem). Reflecting this conflict, according to the first theory, this crime is established by publishing abstract judgments without citing facts (such as insults and ridicule), but the second theory interprets this crime as being established by acts that merely damage honor, regardless of whether facts are cited or not. The second theory also states that there is no room for this crime to be established for those who do not have honor, such as children. [Tetsuro Nawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
事実を摘示しなくても、公然と人を侮辱した者は、拘留または科料に処せられる(刑法231条)。名誉に対する罪の一種。本罪は親告罪である(同法232条)。本罪と名誉毀損(きそん)罪(同法230条)との関係につき争いがある。通説・判例は、両罪とも外部的名誉(社会的評価)を害する罪であると解し、両者を「事実の摘示」の有無によって区別するのに対して、名誉毀損罪は外部的名誉に対する罪であるが、本罪は名誉感情(自尊心)を害する罪であるとする見解も有力に主張されている。 この対立を反映して、前説によれば、本罪は事実を摘示することなく抽象的判断を公表すること(たとえば罵言(ばげん)、嘲笑(ちょうしょう)など)により成立することになるが、後説では、事実の摘示の有無を問わず、単に名誉感情を傷つけるにすぎない行為が本罪にあたりうるものと解されることになる。なお、後説では、小児などのように名誉感情を有しない者には本罪が成立する余地がないことになる。 [名和鐵郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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