… The development of steam cars then shifted from France to England, and in the 19th century, when the development of steam engine technology progressed rapidly, they began to be fully put to practical use. R. Trevithick succeeded in running a steam car with several passengers on Christmas Day in 1801. Although it did not reach practical use, Goldsworthy Gurney (1793-1875) and Walter Hancock (1799-1852) appeared in 1825, and in the 1930s, William Church's 50-seater bus ran about 180 km between London and Birmingham, and the steam car, commonly known as the "horseless carriage," entered its golden age. However, as steam buses began to be used more as a means of transportation, safety and pollution issues such as boiler explosions and the scattering of soot and sparks came to the forefront. … From [Bus]…The Road Traffic Act defines a passenger bus as a regular vehicle for transporting 11 or more passengers, and divides it into general passenger buses and special passenger buses. Steam-powered buses, commonly called horseless carriages, appeared in England in 1825 and competed with horse-drawn carriages for almost 40 years, but disappeared after the Red Flag Act of 1865. Buses powered by internal combustion engines first appeared in Netphen, Germany in 1895, when an eight-seater Daimler-Benz with a five-horsepower gasoline engine was used. … *Some of the terminology that refers to the "horseless carriage" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 蒸気自動車の発達の舞台はその後フランスからイギリスへと移り,蒸気機関の技術開発が急速に進んだ19世紀に入るや本格的な実用化をみることになる。R.トレビシックは1801年のクリスマスに数名を乗せて蒸気自動車を走らせることに成功,これは実用にまでは至らなかったが,25年にはガーニーGoldsworthy Gurney(1793‐1875)やハンコックWalter Hancock(1799‐1852)の乗合蒸気バスが登場し,30年代に入るとチャーチWilliam Churchの50人乗り大型バスがロンドン~バーミンガム間約180kmを運行するなど,通称〈馬なし馬車〉と呼ばれた蒸気自動車はその黄金時代を迎えた。しかし,蒸気バスが交通機関にさらに進出するようになると,ボイラーの爆発事故,ばい煙や火の粉をまき散らすなどの安全・公害問題がクローズアップされるようになった。… 【バス】より…道路交通法では,乗合自動車は,乗車定員11人以上の旅客運送用の普通自動車と規定しており,一般乗合バスと特定旅客バスに分けている。 蒸気動力の通称〈馬なし馬車〉と呼ばれた蒸気バスは1825年イギリスに登場し,ほぼ40年間にわたって馬車と競い合うが,65年の赤旗法によって姿を消していった。内燃機関を動力に用いたバスが出現したのは95年ドイツのネットフェンで,5馬力のガソリンエンジンを搭載した8人乗りのダイムラーベンツが使用された。… ※「馬なし馬車」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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