Carolingian small letters

Japanese: カロリング小文字 - かろりんぐこもじ
Carolingian small letters

…That is, the skeleton was made up of parishes, the flesh of monasteries, and the blood of the Roman rite, a revision of the Gallic rite. This “liturgical reform” and its spread were the driving force behind the promotion of Latin education in the court school and other schools, which led to the creation of the “Carolingian minuscules carolines,” which is what we now call the minuscule letters. His royal estates and monastic and church lands also became models for the management of manors. …

From [Calligraphy]

...In southern Italy, the dynamic and uniquely rhythmic Beneventan typeface developed, and spread to Dalmatia, centering on the Monte Cassino monastery workshop, and flourished until around the 13th century. In the Carolingian dynasty under Charlemagne, the regular, balanced and clear Carolingian minuscule was used as part of the policy of revival of antiquity (Godescalc Gospel, late 8th century, etc.), and by around 800 it had rapidly spread to the workshops of the empire. However, at the end of the 12th century, calligraphy moved towards a rigid style, and the so-called black letter (German typeface) or Gothic typeface was born. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Carolingian small letters" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…すなわち教会教区civitasを骨格とし,修道院を肉とし,ガリア典礼を改訂したローマ典礼を血液としたものである。この〈典礼改革〉とその普及が,宮廷学校以下諸学校でラテン語教育が励行された原動力であり,それは,修道院が今日のいわゆる小文字である〈カロリング小文字minuscules carolines〉を作り出した。また,彼の王直領地と修道院・教会領は,荘園の経営法の模範となった。…

【書】より

…南イタリアでは躍動的で独特のリズムをもったベネベント体Beneventanが発達し,モンテ・カッシノ修道院工房を中心にダルマツィアにまで広がり,13世紀ごろまで隆盛をみた。 カール大帝治下のカロリング朝では,古代復興政策の下に規則的で均衡のとれた明快なカロリング小文字Carolingian minusculeが使用され(《ゴデスカルク福音書》8世紀末,等),800年ころまでに帝国の諸工房に急速に普及した。しかし,12世紀末には書法は正硬な様式化へ向かい,いわゆる黒字体black letter(ドイツ字体)あるいはゴシック体Gothicが生まれた。…

※「カロリング小文字」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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