Bougainvillea - Bougainvillea

Japanese: ブーゲンビレア - ぶーげんびれあ
Bougainvillea - Bougainvillea

A winter-hardy shrub or semi-climbing shrub of the Nyctaginaceae family (APG classification: Nyctaginaceae). The inflorescences in the leaf axils have three bracts that encase small white flowers, and are beautiful in colors such as purple-pink, purple-red, peach, orange, and white. The axils without flowers have sharp thorns. Native to South America. The commonly cultivated B. spectabilis Willd. has rounded, slightly large leaves and slightly large bracts with rounded tips. Large-flowered varieties include Mrs. Butt and San Diego. The glossy B. glabra Choisy. has slightly thin stems, small, shiny leaves, and triangular, pointed bracts that are slightly small. There are also double-flowered varieties with many bracts and varieties with white spots on the leaves (Variegata).

In tropical and subtropical regions, it is widely enjoyed outdoors as ground cover, on fences, and as a standard garden tree, but in temperate regions, it is used as a flowering potted plant from February to June. It is propagated by cuttings, but some varieties are difficult to root, so it is a good idea to sprinkle a rooting hormone on the cut when cutting. Use well-drained potting soil made from red soil mixed with about 30% leaf mold. The stem will grow alone if left as is, so occasionally cut the tip of the branch so that multiple branches grow from the base. It will flower well if the soil is kept slightly dry from August to September and a dwarfing agent is sprayed. It needs to be exposed to plenty of sunlight to grow. The optimum temperature for growth is 20 to 25°C. It will overwinter at temperatures above 5°C.

[Hisao Tsurushima February 17, 2021]

Cultural history

In 1766, King Louis XV of France dispatched two ships to discover unknown continents in the Southern Hemisphere, and the botanist Philibert Commerson (1727-1773), who accompanied the ships, discovered a new flowering tree in Rio de Janeiro on the way and presented it to the captain of the ship, Lieutenant Commander LA de Bougainville, giving it the name Bougainvillea. At that time, it was already cultivated in Brazil, and botanist Jose M. da C. Velloso had created the genus Josepha , but publication was delayed and Commerson got there first.

[Hiroshi Yuasa February 17, 2021]

Bougainvillea
Three colorful bracts encase the small flowers. There are many horticultural varieties, and the bracts come in a variety of colors, including purple peach, purple red, peach, orange, and white. The leaves are broadly ovate with pointed tips. ©Shogakukan Photo by Hideyuki Asakura ">

Bougainvillea


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

オシロイバナ科(APG分類:オシロイバナ科)の不耐冬性低木または半つる性低木。葉腋(ようえき)につける花房に、白色の小花を包むように3枚の包葉があり、紫桃、紫紅、桃、橙(だいだい)、白色などを呈して美しい。花のつかない葉腋には、鋭い刺(とげ)がつく。南アメリカ原産。よく栽培されるイカダカズラB. spectabilis Willd.は葉は丸みを帯びてやや大きく、包葉も先端に丸みがあり、やや大きい。ミセスバットやサンディエゴなど大輪品種がある。また、テリハイカダカズラB. glabra Choisy.は茎はやや細く、葉は小形で照り葉、包葉は三角形でとがり、やや小さい。包葉数の多い八重咲き品種や、葉に白い斑(ふ)の入る品種(バリエガータ)もある。

 熱帯、亜熱帯地方ではグランドカバー、フェンス、スタンダード仕立ての庭木など広く戸外で観賞されるが、温帯地方では花木鉢物として、2月から6月ころまで利用される。繁殖は挿木によるが、品種によっては発根しにくいものがあるので、挿すときに発根ホルモンを切り口にまぶすとよい。鉢植え用土は赤土に腐葉土を30%くらい混ぜた水はけのよいものを用いる。茎は、そのままだと1本で伸びるので、ときおり枝先を切って株元から多数の枝が出るようにする。8~9月はやや乾きぎみを保ち、矮化(わいか)剤を散布すると、よく開花する。栽培には十分日に当てることが必要である。生育適温は20~25℃。5℃以上で越冬する。

[鶴島久男 2021年2月17日]

文化史

1766年、フランスのルイ15世は南半球の未知の大陸の発見のために2隻の艦船を派遣したが、それに同行していた植物学者のコメルソン(コマーソンPhilibert Commerson、1727―1773)は途中リオ・デ・ジャネイロで新しい花木をみいだし、艦長ブーゲンビル中佐L. A. de Bougainvilleに献上し、ブーゲンビレア属の名をたてた。ブラジルでは当時すでに栽培下にあり、植物学者ベローゾJose M. da C. Vellosoはジョセファ属Josephaを設けていたが、出版が遅れ、コメルソンに先を越された。

[湯浅浩史 2021年2月17日]

ブーゲンビレア
色鮮やかな3枚の包葉が小花を包む。園芸品種が多く、包葉の色は紫桃、紫紅、桃、橙、白色など。葉は広卵形で先がとがる©Shogakukan 撮影/朝倉秀之">

ブーゲンビレア


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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